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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Astrocyte |
Assist in forming the blood brain barrier, feed neurons, release growth factors & form scar tissue |
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Ependymal cell |
Secrete cerebral spinal fluid |
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Microglial cell |
They detect damage in the brain tissue & act as phagocytic cells |
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The brain belongs to what division of the nervous system? |
Central Nervous System |
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A spinal nerve belongs to what division of the nervous system? |
Peripheral Nervous System |
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To what major division of the nervous system does the spinal cord belong? |
Central Nervous System |
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Myelin is made of what kind of material? |
Lipoprotein |
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Afferent (sensory) division |
Conducts impulses from the regions of the body to the central nervous system. |
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Efferent (motor) division |
Conducts impulses from the central nervous system to the various regions of the body. |
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Olfactory Nerve |
Receives sensory info from the nose, transmitting the sense of smell to the brain |
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Optic nerve |
Receives sensory info from the eye, transmitting the sense of vision to the brain |
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Oculomotor nerve |
Transmits motor info to move the medial, superior, and inferior rectus muscles and the inferior oblique muscle of the eye |
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Trigeminal nerve |
A three branches nerve; transmits both sensory information from, and motor information to, the head |
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Parasympathetic |
Division has longer preganglionic axons and shorter postganglionic axons; it's axons exhibit very little branching & autonomic ganglia lie close to or within the effector organ |
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Sympathetic |
Division has shorter preganglionic axons & longer postganglionic axons, the axons of both neurons show much branching & autonomic ganglia lie close to the vertebral column |
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Which of the meninges is located next to the brain? |
Pia Mater |
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What fluid is found in the ventricles of the brain? |
Cerebrospinal fluid |
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Into what space does fluid flow from the cerebral aqueduct? |
Next to the fourth ventricle |
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Compare and contrast sulcus to a gyrus. |
Sulcus is a depression and Gyrus is a Ridge |
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What role do the convolutions play in the brain? |
Increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex |
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What are all of the lobes of the cerebrum called? |
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal |
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What is the function of the precentral gyrus? |
Primary motor cortex. Controls muscle movement |
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What sense does the temporal lobe alone interpret? |
Sound. Also has centers for taste & smell |
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What physical depression separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe? |
Lateral fissure |
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What structure connects the cerebral hemisphere? |
Corpus Callosum |
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Name the major regions of the midbrain. |
Peduncle, tectum & corpora quadrigemina |
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What function does the cerebellum have? |
The error control center for muscles |
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Where is Cerebrospinal Fluid found in relation to the meninges? |
Subarachnoid space |
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Frontal lobe |
Primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, frontal eye field, motor speech area |
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Insula |
Primary gustatory cortex. Taste and memory |
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Temporal lobe |
Primary auditory cortex, auditory association area, primary olfactory cortex |
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Occipital lobe |
Primary visual cortex, visual association area |
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Parietal lobe |
Primary somatosensory cortex. Sensory, sensations |
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Medulla oblongata |
Autonomic centers for heart rate and respiration |
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Vagus nerve |
Innervates most thoracic/abdominal organs |
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Cerebral nuclei |
Responsible for involuntary arm swinging |
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Superior colliculi |
Visual reflex centers |
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Which cranial nerve has three divisions? |
Trigeminal (CN V) |
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The visual reflex center is housed within the |
Superior colliculus |
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Which cerebral lobe is located immediately posterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus? |
Parietal lobe |
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The primary motor cortex is located in which cerebral structure? |
Precentral gyrus |
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Cerebral nuclei |
Are the isolated, innermost gray matter areas near the base of the cerebrum, inferior to the lateral ventricles |
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Which structure contains some autonomic centers involved in regulating respiration? |
Pons |
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What is a mixed nerve? |
Both sensory & motor |
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The diaphragm contractions are regulated by what nerve? |
Phrenic nerve |
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The muscles of the arm, such as the biceps brachii, have what innervation? |
Muscullocutaneous |
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The sciatic nerve is composed of what two nerves? |
Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve |
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What is the endoneurium? |
Wrapping around single nerve individual nerve fiber |
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Types of impulses in the spinal cord |
Anterior gray horn is motor Posterior gray horn is sensory Ascending spinal tracts is sensory Descending spinal tract is motor |
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Sacral plexus |
Innervates gluteal region and most of lower limb |
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Posterior root |
Contains axons of sensory neurons |
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White matter |
Composed of tracts and funiculi |
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Cervical plexus |
Innervates infrahyoid muscles |
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Basal plate |
Forms anterior and lateral horns |
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Lateral horn |
Contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons |
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Dermatome |
A segment of skin supplied by by a spinal nerve |
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Conus medullaris (medullary cone) |
The tapered inferior end of the spinal cord |
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The anterior root of a spinal nerve contains |
Axons of sensory neurons only |
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Axons cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other through a region called the |
Gray commissure |
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The radial nerve originates from the |
Brachial plexus |
