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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central nervous system |
Consists of the brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral nervous system |
Composed of nerves and ganglia |
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Sensory (affarent) |
Division that carries signals from various receptors to the CNS |
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Motor (efferent) |
Division that carries signals from the CNS to gland and muscles cells to carry out bodily functions |
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Somatic nervous system |
Part of the peripheral nervous system that is involved with voluntary skeletal muscle movements |
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Autonomic nervous system |
Part of the peripheral nervous system that is involved with involuntary actions |
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Sympathetic system |
Division of autonomic nervous system that arouses the body for action; inhibits digestion; "fight or flight" |
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Parasympathetic system |
Division of the autonomic nervous system that has a calming effect on the body; stimulates digestion |
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Sensory neuron |
Affarent; neuron pecialized to detect stimuli and transmit information to CNS |
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Interneurons |
Association; lie entirely within the CNS; receive signals from other neurons and "make decisions" that determine the body's response to stimuli |
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Motor neurons |
Efferent; neurons that send signals primarily to muscles and glands |
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Glial cells |
Neuroglia; support and protect neuron; hold structure of nervous tissue; guide neurons to destination; ratio of 50 for every 1 neuron |
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Astrocytes |
Most abundant glial cell in CNS; cover entire brain surface; have the most diverse functions of any glia Ex: support framework, convert glucose to lactate and supply it to neurons, secrete nerve growth factors |
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Microglia |
Glial cells in CNS that develop from white blood cells; phagocytize and destroy microorganisms, foreign matter, and dead nervous tissue |
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Ependymal cells |
Glia in CNS that resemble cuboidal epithelium lining in the cavities of the brain and spinal cord; secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid |
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Oligodendrocytes |
Glial cells in CNS with a bulbous body and multiple arms that wrap around nerve fibers to form the myelin sheath |
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Satellite cells |
Glia in PNS; surround somas of neurons in the ganglia; provide electrical insulation and regulate chemical environment of neurons |
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Schwann cells |
Glia in PNS that wind around nerve fibers, forming a myelin sheath; aid in regeneration of of damaged nerve fibers |
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Neurons |
Nerve cells; carry out the communicative role of the nervous system |
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Perikaryon |
Cell body of a neuron, which contains the nucleus |
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Nissl body |
Compartments of rough ER and ribosomes in neuron |
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Dendrites |
Short processes that branch out from the cell body of the neuron; resemble bare tree branches; receive signals from other neurons |
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Axon |
A long process, cylindrical and relatively unbranded for most of its length; specialized for rapid conduction of nerve signals to points remote from the soma (cell body) |
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Axon hillock |
A mound on one side of the soma that gives rise to an axon |
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Axon terminals |
The distal end of an axon; has terminal arborization |
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Synaptic knob |
Terminal button; a little swelling at the end of the terminal arborization branches; forms a junction (synapse) with the next cell |
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Myelin |
Substance that consists of 20% protein and 80% lipid; forms a sheath around a nerve fiber and provides insulation; made by oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and Shwann cells in the PNS |
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Gray matter |
Tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites |
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White matter |
Tissue of the brain and spinal cord consisting mostly of nerve fibers and their myelin sheaths |
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Multipolar neurons |
Neurons that have one axon and multiple dendrites; most common type of neuron |
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Bipolar neuron |
Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite |
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Unipolar neuron |
Neurons that have only a single process that leads away from the soma |
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Anaxonic neuron |
Neurons that have multiple dendrites but no axons |
