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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nervous System Functions
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Homeostasis
Sensory Function Integration Function Response(motor) Function |
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Homeostasis
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State of "normalcy" in body.
Works with endocrine system to maintaine homeostasis. |
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Sensory function
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receptors sense change in:
external environment internal environment |
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Integration function
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brain and spinal cord(C.N.S.)
analysis sensory info. & problem solving. |
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Response(motor) function
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C.N.S. decides response through muscle contraction & glandular secretion.(motor will make muscle contract)
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Organization
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1. Central nervous system (C.N.S.)
2. Peripheral nervous system (P.N.S.) |
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Central nervous system (C.N.S.)
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Brain
Spinal cord (doesn't include cranial and spinal nerves) |
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Peripheral nervous system
(p.n.s.) |
12 pairs cranial nerves
31 pairs spinal nerves |
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Somatic nervous system:
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voluntary
sensory(afferent) neurons motor(efferent) neurons |
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sensory(afferent) neurons
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carry impluses from receptors to c.n.s.
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motor(efferent) neurons
p.n.s. |
carry impulses from c.n.s. to effectors (skeletal muscle only)
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Automic nervous system (A.N.S)
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Involuntary
sensory(afferent)neurons motor(efferent)neurons |
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a.n.s.
sensory(afferent)neurons |
carry impulses from visceral receptors to C.N.S.
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a.n.s.
motor(efferent) neurons |
carry impulses from c.n.s. to visceral -effectors-
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
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Sympathic division(s.n.s)
*remember like an s.o.s* |
prepares body for stress
fight or flight |
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Parasympathetic divison
(P.N.S.) |
rest, relaxation response
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Enteric nervous system
(E.N.S.) |
*involuntary* consists of enteric plexuses
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Histology: 2 major types of cells
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1.Neurons(nerve cells)
2.Neuroglial(glial cells) |
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In central nervous system
(C.N.S.) |
1.astrocytes
2.oligodendrocyte 3.microglia 4.ependyma(ependymacytes) |
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astrocytes
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in C.N.S. connect nerves to vessels
numerous star-shaped (_______ wrap around vessels forming sheath and endothelial cells joined by tight junctions |
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oligodenrocytes
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form myelin sheath in C.N.S. only
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microglia
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brain microphages
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ependyma (ependymacytes)
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resemble epithelial cells; singal layers; simple cuboidal; ciliated; move from c.s.f. from ventricles to central canal of sp. cord
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In peripheral nervous system
(P.N.S.) |
1.neurolemmocytes(schwann cells)
2.satellite cells |
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nerolemmocytes(schwann cells)
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form myelin sheath in P.N.S.
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satellite cells
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flat cells associated w/ ganglia
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Neuron(nerve cell body) Structure
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Cell body
Dendrites Axon |
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cell body
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*contains nucleus
*nerve fibers-any extension or process from ____ ______. |
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lipofuscin-
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clumps of yellow pigment(increases w/age may be produced by lysosomes
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chromatophic substance(nissl bodies)-
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like rough E.R makes proteins for repair or neurotransmitters
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Nerufibrils
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for support and transport in neuron
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intermediate filaments
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a cytoskeletal element
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Dendrites
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tree like receptors @ ends of sensory neurons
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axon hillock
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origin of axon
(branches from cell body) |
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neurofibrils
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for support ans transport
(thick part of dendrite) |
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axoplasm
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cytoplam of axon; has mitochondria; no nissl bodies
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axolemma
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plasma membrane of axon
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axon collaterals
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side branches of axon
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axon terminals (telodendria)
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first end branches of axon
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synaptic end bulbs
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(feet, plates, or knobs) supply several 100,000 muscle fibers
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synaptic vesicles
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contain neurtransmitters
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neurotransmitters
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Ap. 40-50 known
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Meylin sheath
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for insulation; helps in regeneration of lg. neurons; multi. layered; segmented; conduct faster
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unmyelinated(gray) fibers
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surrounded by "1" layer(membrane) of a schwann cell
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myelinated(white)fibers
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surrounded by many layers of schwann cell membrane; thus membrane fats 5 sheath a "whitish" appearance
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P.N.S.
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formation of myelin sheath by schwann cells are found only in?
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myelin sheath
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axons surrounded by liped layer electricaly increses speed of nerve impulse
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neurolemma (sheath of schwann)
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refers to the outer layer of myelin sheath only
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neurofibral node (node of ranvier)
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exposed nerve membrane between segments of myelin sheath
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saltatory conduction
Jelly Roll Theory |
saltere=to leap
Ex grasshoper |
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multipolar neurons
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many processes; located in central nervous system (brain & spinal cord)
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bipolarneurons
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two processes; located in retina of eye; inner ear and olfactory tissue
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unipolar
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one processes located posterior(dorsal or sensory)root ganglia of spinal nerves; cranial nerve ganglia thar carry somatic sensory impulses
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sensory(affernet) neurons
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always enter through dorsal root -to spinal cord from receptors to C.N.S.-
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motor(effertent) neurons
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away fron spinal cord
-from C.N.S. to effectors muscle and glands |
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Association, connector or interneurons
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connect sensory and motor neurons in the C.N.S. only
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general somatic afferent fibers
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fibers from skin, skeletal muscle, joints to c.n.s.(volentary)
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general somatic efferent fibers
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fibers carry impulses from c.n.s. to efferent skeltal muscles
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general visceral afferent fibers
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fibers from viscera to c.n.s
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general visceral efferent fibers
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fibers from c.n.s. to visceral effectors= smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and gland (involentary)
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ganglion
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group og nerve cell bodies outside the c.n.s.
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nucleus (center)
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group of nerve cell bodies inside c.n.s.
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nerve
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group of fibers (axon) outside the c.n.s.
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tract
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group of fibers (axon) inside the c.n.s.
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