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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the nervous system? |
To control and integrate body functions |
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What are two main cells of the nervous system? |
Neurons and neuroglial cells |
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What is the functioning unit of the nervous system? |
Neuron |
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Which cells support the neuron |
Neuroglial cells |
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What cell transmits signal? |
Neuron |
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How do neurons work? |
They sense changes with sensory receptors |
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Which two features interpretes and remembers bodily responses |
Brain & spinal chord |
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What system signals skeletal muscle? |
Somatic nervous system |
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What system signals glandular, cardiac, smooth, Thyroid etc |
The autonomic nervous system |
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The central nervous system consists of the? |
Brain and spinal chord |
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The SNS and the ANS send signals to the? |
Central nervous system |
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Afferent go towards or away from the central nervous system? |
Towards |
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Efferent go towards or away from the central nervous system? |
Away |
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Where is efferent neuron carrying the nerve impulse to after it leaves the CNS |
An Effector |
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What is an efferent neuron classified as? |
Motor neuron |
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What is an Afferent neuron classified as? |
Sensory |
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What are the two division of the ANS? |
Sympathetic: fight or flight, Incr heart rate Parasympathetic: slowed down Heart rate, at rest |
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Explain the Enteric nervous system |
•Consists of intestines and GI tract •Integrates it's own system •Influence by AND by ganglion within GI tract |
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What carries information to the cell body (soma) |
Dendrites |
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West carries information away from the cell body? |
Axons |
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What is the ratio of neuroglial cells to suppory neurons |
50:1 |
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Most Braun tumors are what type of cells |
Neuroglial cells |
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What is it called when a change in a cells membrane becomes more negative |
Hyperpolarization |
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What insulates the axon voltage gate between myelin sheath |
Myelin |
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What is the space between the cell body and axon that starts an impulse? |
Axon Hillock |
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What are two types of synapses? |
Electrical- faster, spreads through gap junctions
Chemical-one impulse fires and affects another neuron |
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Which ion is responsible for the release of neurotransmitters? |
Calcium |
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What are 4 methods that remove neurotransmitters? |
1.Re up take by glial cells 2. Re up take by Enzymatic neurons 3. Enzymatic degradation 4. Diffusion |
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Which ion channels are always open? |
Passive channels |
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Which channel is activated by ligands? |
Chemical regulated channels |
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Which channel is activated by mechanical stress? |
mechanical regulated channels |
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What part of the neuron classifies the brain and special senses |
Axaxonic |
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What part of the neuron classifies the special sense organs for senses |
Bipolar |
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What Is the main sensory nerve of the SNS |
Unipolar |
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What is the main motor neuron of the of the SNS |
Multipolar |
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What are the 4 types neuroglia of CNS |
Ependymal cells: lines brain and spinal chord Astrocytes: blood brain barrier, structure, repair neural tissue, controls internal environment Oligodendrocyte- produce myelin sheath |
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What is the section of axon containing myelin sheath? |
Internodes |
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What is the spaces between myelin which allows for ion exchange and wave depolarization |
Nodes of Ranvier |
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What are the neuroglia of the PNS |
Satellite- regulates environment Schwan's cells- produces Internode of myelin |
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What channel initiates depolarization? |
Na voltage gated channels |
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What occurs as the neighboring voltage gate reaches its threshold? |
Propagation of an action potential |
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What neurotransmitters releases adrengeric synapses? |
Norepinephrine |
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What are the two main neurotransmitters of AA |
Glutamate- opens Calcium/ exctiatory Gaba- inhibitory |
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What are examples of neruopeptides |
Substance P- release from pain neurons in CNS and gut influences digestive reflexes
Opioid-block release of substance p from pain receptors
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