Nervous System - Units 11&12

Front 1

This is made up of 10 billion to over 100 billion neurons that connect with 1,000 to 100,000 other neurons.

Back 1

The Nervous System

Front 2

The _______ and ________ work together as a "highly-integrated behavior controlling" mechanism that controls most of what we do.

Back 2

Nervous, Endocrine

Front 3

What are the two branches of the Nervous System?

Back 3

Central & Peripheral

Front 4

What are the two branches of the CNS?

Back 4

Brain & Spinal Cord

Front 5

What are the three branches of the PNS?

Back 5

Cranial & Spinal Nerves
Visceral Afferent (organs)
Autonomic Nervous System (efferent & afferent)

Front 6

What are the two branches of the ANS?

Back 6

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

Front 7

What is the most basic functional unit of the nervous system?

Back 7

The Neuron

Front 8

What is made up of a cell body and it's processes?

Back 8

The Neuron

Front 9

What are the two processes of a neuron?

Back 9

Dendrites (sensory/afferent)
Axons (motor/efferent)

Front 10

These bring info to the cell body

Back 10

Dendrites

Front 11

These send info out of the cell body

Back 11

Axons

Front 12

These offer support to the neurons and their processes, electrically insulate neurons from one another, and help maintain balance in the fluid environment of the neuron.

Back 12

Glial Cells

Front 13

These are more numerous than neurons by a factor of about 10 and account for about half the bulk of the central nervous system.

Back 13

Glial Cells

Front 14

This is an insulating layer of glial cells around nerve processes which aid in conduction velocity of nerve impulses

Back 14

Myelin

Front 15

These form myelin in the central nervous system.

Back 15

Oligodendrocytes

Front 16

These form myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

Back 16

Schwann Cells

Front 17

How much space does each neurolglial cell occupy?

Back 17

About a millimeter of length of a process.

Front 18

What are the junctions that are between cells that leave the neuron exposed to extracellular fluid and are important in the conduction velocity of nerve impulses?

Back 18

Nodes of Ranvier

Front 19

When does myelin form?

Back 19

After nerve processes have achieved an advanced stage of development.

Front 20

Why is it easier for young children to learn new things than adults?

Back 20

Because myelination of some nerve fivers does not occur until late childhood.

Front 21

What is made up of collections of cell bodies?

Back 21

Gray Matter

Front 22

What are collections of cell bodies inside the CNS called?

Back 22

Nuclei

Front 23

What are collections of cell bodies outside the CNS called?

Back 23

Ganglion

Front 24

What is made up of collections of axons?

Back 24

White Matter

Front 25

What are collections of axons inside the CNS called?

Back 25

Bundle, Column, Fasciculus, Funiculus Lemniscus, Tracts

Front 26

What are collections of axons outside the CNS called?

Back 26

Nerves

Front 27

These are a bundle of axons and/or dendrites from several neurons.

Back 27

Nerves

Front 28

These nerves are strictly afferent.

Back 28

Sensory Nerves

Front 29

These nerves are strictly efferent.

Back 29

Motor Nerves

Front 30

These nerves are composed of both afferent and efferent nerve processes.

Back 30

Mixed Nerves

Front 31

This the functional connections between neurons.

Back 31

Neural Synapse

Front 32

Where do axons end?

Back 32

Boutons Terminaux (terminal buttons)

Front 33

As there is no cytoplasmic continuity of neurons at the synapse, what is the .01 microns worth of space between 2 neurons called?

Back 33

Synaptic Cleft

Front 34

The initial neural impulse from a synapse is an ________ _______ _______.

Back 34

electrical chemical wave (which is transmitted in ONLY one direction).

Front 35

Boutons contain:

Back 35

synaptic vessicles

Front 36

What are chemicals within synaptic vesicles?

Back 36

Neurotransmitters

Front 37

These are released through the cell membrane into the synaptic cleft.

Back 37

Neurotransmitters

Front 38

This becomes ineffective after about a millisecond.

Back 38

Neurotransmitters

Front 39

This is a temporary depolarization of postsynaptic membrane potential caused by the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. (Meant to get things going/moving)

Back 39

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

Front 40

This usually results from the flow of negative ions into the cell or positive ions out of the cell. (Potassium aids in slowing down)

Back 40

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential

Front 41

This contains a high concentration of synaptic vesicles containing a chemical transmitter that depolarizes the cell membrane below the synaptic cleft.

Back 41

Bouton

Front 42

A method of achieving or inhibiting action potential in the postsynaptic neuron, when one presynaptic neuron does not generate enough neurotransmitter.

Back 42

Summation

Front 43

Two or more successive impulses (from a single neuron) arrive at the postsynaptic neuron, exciting the neuron.

Back 43

Temporal Summation

Front 44

Simultaneous impulses from one or more axons to a dendrite or cell body, exciting the neuron.

Back 44

Spatial Summation

Front 45

What is the resting membrane potential inside the cell?

Back 45

-70 mV

Front 46

Outside the cell is ___x more ______ than inside the cell.

Back 46

10, positive

Front 47

What develops when a polarity reversal inside verses outside the cell takes place - caused by an exchange of ions across the cell membrane?

Back 47

Action Potential

Front 48

This is brought about by the flow of sodium from outside to inside the cell due to a stimulus opening ion channels.

Back 48

Action Potential

Front 49

What is the threshold for action potential?

Back 49

-50/-55 mV

Front 50

Why do we say that Action Potential is an all or nothing mechanism?

Back 50

Because the nerve will not fire/be excited unless it hits the threshold.

Front 51

At the peak of AP, the ______ of the cell becomes _______ with respect to the _______.

Back 51

Inside, positive, outside

Front 52

This is a cell's brief (0.8 msec) period of unresponsiveness.

Back 52

Refractory Period

Front 53

This is the period of time that the cell cannot be excited no matter how strong the stimulus is. It occurs during the 1msec of polarity change.

Back 53

Absolute Refractory Period

Front 54

This is the period of time when the cell can be excited because polarization has reached -50mV and a stronger stimulus is provided.

Back 54

Relative Refractory Period

Front 55

What is the enlargement of the spinal cord that is highly specialized for high-level functioning that is characteristic to humans?

Back 55

The brain

Front 56

What are the three sections of the brain?

Back 56

Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain

Front 57

This is another term for the hindbrain.

Back 57

Rhombencephalon

Front 58

This contains the 4th ventricle which is the enlarged portion of the central canal of the spinal cord.

Back 58

Hindbrain

Front 59

What are the two sections of the hindbrain (rhombencephalon)?

Back 59

Myelencephalon & Metencephalon

Front 60

Where is the Medulla Oblongata?

Back 60

In the myelencephalon

Front 61

Where does the spinal cord merge into the brain?

Back 61

The Medulla Oblongata

Front 62

What two parts make up the Metencephalon?

Back 62

The Cerebellum and the Pons

Front 63

This is the posterior portion of the Metencephalon.

Back 63

Cerebellum

Front 64

What is the anterior portion of the metencephalon and a continuation of the medulla oblongata?

Back 64

Pons

Front 65

What is another term for the midbrain?

Back 65

Mesencephalon

Front 66

What connects the forebrain and the hindbrain?

Back 66

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

Front 67

Where is the cerebral aqueduct housed?

Back 67

Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

Front 68

What connects ventricles with the 4th ventricle?

Back 68

Cerebral Aqueduct

Front 69

What is another term for the forebrain?

Back 69

Prosencephalon

Front 70

What are the two divisions of the forebrain?

Back 70

Diencephalon & Telencephalon

Front 71

Where is the diencephalon located?

Back 71

Lateral to the 3rd ventricle.

Front 72

What are the two divisions of the diencephalon?

Back 72

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Front 73

What is the principle relay and integration center for sensory information delivered to the telencephalon?

Back 73

Thalamus

Front 74

What influences and controls visceral activities, water balance, temperature, sleep, and metabolic functions?

Back 74

Hypothalamus

Front 75

What is the largest portion of the brain?

Back 75

Telencephalon

Front 76

What is the most anterior region of the brain - also known as the cerebrum?

Back 76

Telencephalon

Front 77

What are the 2 divisions of the cerebrum?

Back 77

Right and Left hemispheres

Front 78

This is a ridge or a bump on the cerebral cortex.

Back 78

Gyri

Front 79

Crack, depression, or fissure on the surface of the brain.

Back 79

Sulci

Front 80

What separates the two hemispheres of the brain?

Back 80

The Longitudinal Fissure

Front 81

Which sulcus separates the parietal and temporal lobes?

Back 81

Lateral Sulcus

Front 82

Which sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

Back 82

Central Sulcus

Front 83

What are the lobes named for?

Back 83

The cranial bones which overlie them (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital)

Front 84

What is the deep lobe under the lateral fissure that functions with organs?

Back 84

Insular lobe

Front 85

Which lobe is anterior to the central sulcus?

Back 85

Frontal Lobe

Front 86

What is the area associated with the common motor pathways to skeletal muscles?

Back 86

Precentral Gyrus/Primary Motor Strip

Front 87

Where is the Broca's speech area?

Back 87

The left inferior frontal gyrus

Front 88

Which hemisphere is more heavily convoluted?

Back 88

The left inferior frontal gyrus

Front 89

What does damage to Broca's area cause?

Back 89

Apraxia

Front 90

Which area of the brain is important to speech production and language processing and composition?

Back 90

The left inferior frontal gyrus

Front 91

Which lobe is located posterior to the central fissure and superior to the lateral fissure?

Back 91

The Parietal Lobe

Front 92

The parietal lobe contains:

Back 92

Postcentral gyrus/Primary sensory strip and Inferior parietal gyri

Front 93

Where is the primary somatic sensory area?

Back 93

Postcentral gyrus

Front 94

Two divisions of Inferior Parietal Gyri

Back 94

Angular Gyrus & Supramarginal Gyri

Front 95

Functions for comprehension of the written word.

Back 95

Angular Gyrus

Front 96

Loss of ability to read

Back 96

Alexia

Front 97

Loss of ability to write

Back 97

Agraphia

Front 98

Which lobe is small and pyramidal in shape?

Back 98

Occipital Lobe

Front 99

Which lobe contains the primary visual area and visual association areas?

Back 99

Occipital Lobe

Front 100

What are the three divisions of the temporal lobe and how are they divided?

Back 100

Superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri divided by 2 sulci that course parallel with the lateral sulcus.

Front 101

Where is the cortical center for hearing located?

Back 101

On the superior surface of the temporal lobe.

Front 102

What is the area of the brain that is associated with understanding and comprehension of language and where is it located?

Back 102

The Wernicke's area - located on the superior temporal gyri.

Front 103

What is the result of damage in the Wernicke's area?

Back 103

Wernicke's aphasia.

Front 104

What are the three types of fibers of the subcortical white matter of the cerebrum?

Back 104

Projection Fibers, Association Fibers, Commissural Fibers

Front 105

What type of white matter fiber conveys impulses from remote regions to and from the cerebral cortex?

Back 105

Projection Fibers

Front 106

There are both afferent and efferent fibers sending signals to and from the cerebral cortex that enter the white matter in fan shaped bundles that converge near the brain stem. What are the fan shaped bundles and what are they when they converge?

Back 106

Corona radiata, internal capsule

Front 107

The ______ _______ is flanked medially and laterally by gray matter called ______ _______ .

Back 107

internal capsule, basal ganglia

Front 108

What type of white matter fibers interconnect various cortical regions in the same hemisphere?

Back 108

Association fibers

Front 109

The _______ fibers (association fibers) connect in adjacent convolutions.

Back 109

Short

Front 110

The ______ (fibers) interconnect cortical regions within the same hemisphere.

Back 110

Long

Front 111

What are the three types of long association fibers?

Back 111

Uncinate Fasciculus, Arcuate Fasciculus, Cingulum

Front 112

Which long association fiber connects the frontal gyri to the anterior part of the temporal lobe?

Back 112

Uncinate Fasciculus

Front 113

Which long association fiber connects the Broca's and Wernicke's areas?

Back 113

Arcuate Fasciculus

Front 114

Which long association fiber connects the frontal and parietal lobes to parts of the temporal lobe?

Back 114

Cingulum

Front 115

What white matter fibers interconnect the corresponding cortical regions of the 2 hemispheres?

Back 115

Commissural Fibers

Front 116

What are the two types of Commissural fibers?

Back 116

Corpus Callosum & Anterior Commissure

Front 117

What are the masses of gray matter within the cerebrum?

Back 117

Basal Ganglia

Front 118

What are the two parts of basal ganglia?

Back 118

Caudate Nucleus and Lenticular Nucleus

Front 119

What are the two divisions of the Lenticular Nucleus?

Back 119

Putamen and Globus Pallidus

Front 120

What receives input from nearly all parts of the cerebral cortex - especially from the motor area?

Back 120

Basal Ganglia

Front 121

______ ______ receives radiation fibers from the _______ in addition to important afferent fibers from _______ _________ cells in the ________ _______ of the _____________.

Back 121

Basal Ganglia, thalamus, dopamine-synthesyzing, substantia nigra, mesencephalon

Front 122

This is important in regulating complex motor functions such as posture, locomotion, balance, etc.

Back 122

Basal Ganglia

Front 123

What is inhibitory in nature, instrumental in decreasing muscle tone, and aids in coordinating the motor behavior of muscle groups?

Back 123

Basal Ganglia

Front 124

What is part of the hind brain and receives input about length and tension of almost every skeletal muscle?

Back 124

Cerebellum

Front 125

The cerebellum compensates for cortically induced movements so they are more _______ ________.

Back 125

smoothly coordinated.

Front 126

The _________ is highly integrated and capable of tracking muscle and limb movements.

Back 126

Cerebellum

Front 127

There are about _____ times more _____ fibers entering than ______ fibers leaving the cerebellum.

Back 127

40, afferent, efferent

Front 128

The ________ is connected to the brain stem, but is NOT considered part of it.

Back 128

Cerebellum

Front 129

This is the term used to designate the Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Pons, and Medulla Oblongatta.

Back 129

The Brain Stem

Front 130

What contains the nuclei for most of the cranial nerves as well as centers associated with regulation of visceral, endocrine, behavioral, and metabolic functions?

Back 130

The Brain Stem

Front 131

The ______ ______ contains a number of __________ and _________ nerve tracts and nuclei that comprise major integrating centers for both _______ and ______ functions.

Back 131

Brain stem, ascending, descending, sensory, motor

Front 132

What are the 5 functions of the cerebral cortex?

Back 132

thought, voluntary movement, language, reasoning, perception

Front 133

What are the 3 functions of the cerebellum?

Back 133

movement, balance, posture

Front 134

What are the 3 functions of the brain stem?

Back 134

breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

Front 135

What are the 5 functions of the hypothalamus?

Back 135

emotions, hunger, thirst, circadian rhythms, body temperature

Front 136

What are the 2 functions of the thalamus?

Back 136

sensory integration, motor integration

Front 137

These are important in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Back 137

Ventricles

Front 138

How many ventricles are they and what are they called?

Back 138

Four: Lateral (2), 3rd ventricle, 4th ventricle

Front 139

What are the bundles of cells in the ventricles where CSF is produced?

Back 139

Choroid Plexus

Front 140

What are the three layers of nonnervous connective tissue called? What is each layer called?

Back 140

Meninges:
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater

Front 141

The spaces between the meninges contain _____ which ______, ______, and _____ the brain and spinal cord.

Back 141

CSF, moistens, lubricates, protects

Front 142

What is the outermost layer of the meninges?

Back 142

Dura Mater

Front 143

What does "dura mater" mean?

Back 143

Tough Mother

Front 144

What are the two layers of dura mater?

Back 144

Periosteal & Meningeal

Front 145

What are the two meningeal layer forms?

Back 145

Falx cerebri & Tentorium cerebelli

Front 146

Which meningeal layer separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres down the midline?

Back 146

Falx cerebri

Front 147

Which meningeal layer separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?

Back 147

Tentorium cerebelli

Front 148

Which meninges layer resembles a spider web and is separated from Dura mater by a thin layer of fluid (CSF) in the subdural spacce?

Back 148

Arachnoid Mater

Front 149

How is the Arachnoid Mater separated from Pia Mater?

Back 149

Subarachnoid spaces

Front 150

What are the projecctions that reabsorb CSF so that pressure doesn't build up?

Back 150

Arachnoid Granulations

Front 151

What is the inner most layer of the meninges?

Back 151

Pia Mater

Front 152

What is the thin, mesh-like membrane that closely follows the entire surface of the brain, running down into the fissures of the cortex?

Back 152

Pia Mater

Front 153

Cerebrospinal Fluid begins in the ______ ______, passes into the _____ and from there to the ______, where it diffuses by means of small ______ into the _________ ______. It continues to ________ ______ the brain and is finally ________ by an elaborate _______ system that drains the blood from the brain.

Back 153

lateral ventricles, third, fourth, apertures, subarachnoid space, circulate around, absorbed, veonous

Front 154

CSF flows into the subarachnoid space through the __________ __ _________ in the roof of the 4th ventricle.

Back 154

Foramen of Magendie

Front 155

The lower end of the brain stem is continuous with what?

Back 155

The spinal cord

Front 156

This extends from the top of the first cervical vertebra to the bottom of the first lumbar vertebra.

Back 156

Spinal cord

Front 157

The internal structure of the spinal cord is a central core of ______ ______ surrounded by _______ ______.

Back 157

gray matter, white matter

Front 158

The entire spinal cord has a central canal - in adults the canal is frequently _________.

Back 158

obliterated

Front 159

Gray matter consists of what 2 crescent shaped bodies?

Back 159

Ventral Horn (Motor) and Dorsal Horn (Sensory)

Front 160

The ventral horn and the dorsal horn are joined at the _______ by a _______ ________ of gray matter.

Back 160

midline, transverse fissure

Front 161

What has a shape of a butterfly or the letter h?

Back 161

Gray matter

Front 162

The lateral horns of gray matter are for what?

Back 162

The autonomic nervous system

Front 163

What are the columns of the spinal cord?

Back 163

Ventral, Dorsal, Lateral

Front 164

Which column of the spinal cord contains motor nerve cells?

Back 164

Ventral

Front 165

Which column of the spinal cord contains mostly sensory nerve cells?

Back 165

Dorsal

Front 166

Which column of the spinal cord contains cells of the autonomic nervous system?

Back 166

Lateral

Front 167

How are organic acids handeled by the proximal tubule?

Back 167

Useful metabolic substrates are reabsorbed by proximal tubule and others are secreted.

Acetate, lactate, citrate, and mono- and dicarboxylic acids (Krebs cycle intermediates) are normally reabsorbed completely.

Under abnormal conditions (diabetic ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis) plasma threshold of some of these substances is exceeded.

Front 168

What does each funiculus contain?

Back 168

1. Ascending fiber tracts transmitting visceral and proprioceptive info to the subcortical motor centers.
2. Descending tracts from the higher motor centers.
3. Short intersegmental fibers that mediate reflexive behavior.

Front 169

What does gray matter have that white matter does not?

Back 169

Cell bodies

Front 170

Is white and gray matter exactly the same all throughout the spinal cord?

Back 170

No

Front 171

What includes any neuron or nerve cell process located outside the bony confines of the skull and vertebral column?

Back 171

The Peripheral Nervous System

Front 172

What two types of nerves are included in the Peripheral Nervous System?

Back 172

Cranial and Spinal

Front 173

The PNS is made up of ___ types of fibers.

Back 173

7

Front 174

How many pairs of cranial nerves are they and what are they numbered for?

Back 174

12, according to their emergence from the brain stem

Front 175

What do the names the cranial nerves reflect?

Back 175

Function, structure, or distribution

Front 176

What is the area of the brain where a cranial nerve appears?

Back 176

Superficial origin

Front 177

All nerves leave the cranium except for?

Back 177

CN 1 and 2

Front 178

Are all of the cranial nerves necessary for speech production or reception?

Back 178

No

Front 179

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 1?

Back 179

Sensory, Olfactory, Telencephelon, Smell

Front 180

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 2?

Back 180

Sensory, Optic, Diencephalon, Vision

Front 181

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 3?

Back 181

Motor, Oculomotor, Midbrain, Eyelid movement and muscles of the eye

ex: Like crossing eyes - moves the eye in all directions and raises the upper eyelid

Front 182

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 4?

Back 182

Motor, Trochlear, Midbrain, Eye movement (down & outward)

Front 183

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 5?

Back 183

Sensory & Motor, Trigeminal, Pons (facial skin, oral cavity, nasal cavity, tongue)

Sensory: superficial and deep structures of the face, mouth, and lower jow

Motor: muscles of mastication, soft palate, the mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric -

3 branches - opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

Front 184

What are the three motor branches of the trigeminal nerve (#5)?

Back 184

Opthalmic (eye, nose, scalp)
Maxillary (lower eyelid, mouth, teeth)
Mandibular (largest branch)

Front 185

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 6?

Back 185

Motor, Abducent, Pons, Eyeball movement (lesions cause double vision)

Front 186

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 7?

Back 186

Motory & Sensory, Facial, Pons (innervation from stapedious muscle of middle ear, stylohyoid, and posterior belly of digastricus

Motor: muscle movement of face
Sensory: sensations of tongue and soft palate

Front 187

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 8?

Back 187

Sensory, Vestibulocochlear/Acoustic, Pons, Hearing and Balance

** Important for speech production

Front 188

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 9?

Back 188

Sensory & Motor, Glassopharyngeal (Tongue), Medulla

Sensory: taste and sensation
Motor: pharynx and salivation

Front 189

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 10?

Back 189

Sensory & Motor, Vagus (wandering course, longest nerve), Medulla

Sensory: sensation to ear, pharynx, larynx, viscera
Motor: movement to muscles of pharynx, larynx, tongue and smooth muscles of the viscera

Front 190

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 11?

Back 190

Motor, Accessory, Medulla, Movement of uvula, levator veli palatini, and sternocleidomastoid

Front 191

What is the type (sensory or motor), name, origin, and function of Cranial Nerve 12?

Back 191

Motor, Hypoglossal, Medulla, Musculature of the tongue

** Very important to speech

Front 192

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Back 192

31:
-8 cervical
-12 thoracic
-5 lumbar
-5 sacral
-1 coccygeal

Front 193

Where does the first cervical spinal nerve originate?

Back 193

From between the occipital bone and the atlas.

Front 194

Where do the spinal nerves leave through?

Back 194

The intervertebral foramen.

Front 195

Pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the _____ ____ in _______ and ______ roots which combine to form a complete ______ ______.

Back 195

spinal cord, ventral (efferent), dorsal (afferent), spinal nerve

Front 196

What is the area of the skin supplied by a single, specific, spinal nerve root? It is a cutaneous distribution of sensory fibers.

Back 196

Dermatomes

Front 197

Shingles appear in lines of _________.

Back 197

Dermatones

Front 198

What is it called when researchers map areas of the brain that are functionally homogenous regions of the brain?

Back 198

Cortical Mapping

Front 199

A ___________ is often used to show the body representation in both the motor and sensory cortices.

Back 199

homunculus

Front 200

What is the division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies the smooth muscles and glands throughout the body?

Back 200

Autonomic Nervous System

Front 201

The entire Autonomic Nervous system is afferent or efferent?

Back 201

Efferent

Front 202

The autonomic nervous system is divided into what two systems that work together to maintain a relatively constant internal body environment?

Back 202

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Front 203

What system prepares the body for emergencies or periods of excitement and is responsible for internal adjustments to stress or crises? (Fight or flight)

Back 203

Sympathetic system

Front 204

What system acts in antagonism to the effects of the sympathetic division and acts to conserve body resources and/or reduces internal activity?

Back 204

Parasympathetic system

Front 205

For 90% of right handed people, the _____ cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language, handedness, analytic thought processes, and certain types of memory.

Back 205

Left

Front 206

The left hemisphere is dominant ina bout 64% of ______-handed people; and about 20% are _____-hemisphere dominant.

Back 206

Left, right

Front 207

In about 60% of ambidextrous people the ______ hemisphere is dominant where 30% had equal dominance among the 2 hemispheres.

Back 207

Left

Front 208

The _____ hemisphere functions in most aspects of language, handedness, calculation, and memory of 90% of the population.

Back 208

left

Front 209

The ______ hemisphere specializes in perception by the sense of touch, spatial conceptualization, and nonverbal language. It is also instrumental in the way we listen to music and see works of art.

Back 209

Right

Front 210

Children do not have a dominant hemisphere until the _____ year of life.

Back 210

2nd

Front 211

T/F

Cutting the corpus callosum has extremely adverse affects.

Back 211

False - in a surgery in the 40s, there were no adverse effects noticed which cause many people to believe that the 2nd hemisphere is a back up in case something happens to the dominant hemisphere.