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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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patient presents with a blow to the head, he is initially knocked unconscious and later recovers and is alert. then suddenly develops evidence of increased ICP
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epidural hematoma
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usually mechanism of epidural hematoma
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linear fracture through the temporal bone passing across the middle meningeal artery
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hematoma resulting from tearing of bridging veins
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subdural hematoma
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where are the bridging veins located
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between the arachnoid and superior sagittal sinus
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hematoma more likely seen with atrophy of the brain - alzheimers or alcoholism
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subdural hematoma
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differentiate acute, subacute, and chronic subdural hematoma with how soon after the injury surgery is required
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acute - within 24 hours
subacute - 2 to 14 days chronic - more than 14 days |
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how does a cyst form in a large subdural hematoma
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two neomembranes remain separate and a cyst forms between them
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two causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage
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1. sudden rise in systolic pressure causing rupture of weakened blood vessel wall
2. direct trauma from hyperextension or hyperrotation |
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differentiate contusion and hemorrhagic infarct histologically
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contusion - primarily affects the crown of the gyri and spares the sulci
infarct - primarily affects the deeper sulci with less involvement of the crowns of the gyri |
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what happens in a person with multiple episodes of cranial trauma - chronic alcoholic
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extensive healed contusions resulting in much gliosis and hemosiderin deposition leading to cerebral dysfunction
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why does the anterior-inferior skull most likely cause the injury no matter the site of impact
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has multiple bony projections and irregularities on the surface
explains why frontal impact results in coup injuries while occipital impact results in contrecoup injuries |
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the skull is accelerated into the brain causing what type of injuries
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coup - contrecoup are absent due to low energy transfer to the brain
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injuries to the scalp and skull may be severe, but brain damage is much less severe
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stationary and supported head struck by moving object
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pugilistic dementia
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boxer's brain - permanent brain dysfunction from repeats episodes of trauma
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what two findings suggest child abuse
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retinal hemorrhages
separation of cortex from white matter |
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most affected cranial nerve in cerebral trauma
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CN III
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examples of delayed CNS effects from cerebral trauma
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1. subarachnoid hemorrhages may cause communicating hydrocephalus
2. contusions and hemorrhages may result in focal gliosis and seizures |
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where are fat emboli found
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diffuse petechial hemorrhages in the white matter
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where are fat emboli from
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disrupted bone marrow from severe trauma
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where do spinal cord injuries most commonly occur
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cervical and lumbar spine
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