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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell to cell communication by Synapses, Types of Synapses:
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Electrical:
-Rare, gap junctions connect cell membranes of two cells, graded potentials can pass directly between cells Chemical: -most common, One cell (presynaptic cell) releases a chemical called a neurotransmitter (30+ types), the next cell (postsynaptic cell) has receptors for this neurotransmitter |
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Electrical:
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-Rare
-gap junctions connect cell membranes of two cells -graded potentials can pass directly between cells |
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Chemical:
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-most common
-One cell (presynaptic cell) releases a chemical called neurotransmitter (30+ types) -The next cell (postsynaptic cell) has receptors for this neurotransmitter |
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Types of Neurotransmitter Receptors:
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Metabotropic Receptors (Indirect) |
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels
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Excitatory: Positive ion (Na+, Mg++, Ca++) channels depolarize cell, more likely to have an AP
Inhibitory: Cl- channels hyperpolarize cell, less likely to have an AP |
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Metabotropic Receptors (Indirect)
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-Slower and longer lasting response than Ion Channels
-Change cell function by altering enzyme activity |
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Steps in Synaptic Transmission:
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-Action potential arrives at synaptic terminal (presynaptic cell)
-Synaptic terminal is depolarized Voltage-gated Ca++ channels open -Synaptic vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane releasing neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft -Neurotransmitter binds to receptors of postsynaptic cell causing a graded potential in dendrite of postsynaptic cell -Neurotransmitter is broken down and taken up by presynaptic cell (reuptake) -Neurotransmitter is resynthesized and vesicles are recycled |
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Steps in Synaptic Transmission:
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-Action potential arrives at synaptic terminal (presynaptic cell)
-Synaptic terminal is depolarized Voltage-gated Ca++ channels open -Synaptic vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane releasing neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft -Neurotransmitter binds to receptors of postsynaptic cell causing a graded potential in dendrite of postsynaptic cell -Neurotransmitter is broken down and taken up by presynaptic cell (reuptake) -Neurotransmitter is resynthesized and vesicles are recycled |
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Synaptic vesicles...
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fuse with presynaptic membrane releasing neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
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Neurotransmitter...
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binds to receptors of postsynaptic cell causing a graded potential in dendrite of postsynaptic cell
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