Nervous System Review

Front 1

Frontal Lobe

Back 1

controls emotions, judgements, controls motor aspects of speech, primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation.

Front 2

Parietal Lobe

Back 2

receives fibers with sensory information about touch, perception, temperature, and pain from the other side of the body

Front 3

Temporal Lobe

Back 3

responsible for auditory information and language comprehension

Front 4

Occipital Lobe

Back 4

center for visual information

Front 5

Cerebellum

Back 5

coordination for muscle function

Front 6

Brainstem

Back 6

(Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla) respiratory and cardiac center, nerve pathways to the brain.

Front 7

Diencephalon

Back 7

thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus

Front 8

Thalamus

Back 8

Integrate and relay sensory information from the face, retina, cochlea (Inner Ear), and taste receptors. Interprets sensation of touch, pain, and temperature.

Front 9

Hypothalamus

Back 9

1. Controls the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine systems.
2. Maintains body homeostasis.
3. Helps regulate body temperature.
4. Helps regulate appetite control.
5. Thirst Center
6. Sleeping Cycle
7. Control of Hormone Secretions.

Front 10

Glascow Coma Scale
(Assessment of Conscious State)

Back 10

1. Eyes:
1=Doesn't open eyes
2=Opens eyes to response of painful stimuli
3=Opens eyes to response of voice
4=Opens eyes spontaneously

2. Verbal:
1=Makes no sound
2=Incomprehensible sound
3=Utters inappropriate words
4=Confused; disoriented
5=Oriented; converses normally

Motor:
1=No Movement
2=Extension to Pain
3=Abnormal Flexion to Pain
4=Withdraws from Pain
5=Localizes to Pain
6= Obeys Command

Front 11

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 11

Sympathetic (Fight or Flight) and Parasympathetic

Front 12

Sympathetic (Fight or Flight) Effects

Back 12

1. Dilated pupils
2. Elevated heart rate and respiratory rate
3. Sweating
4. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine secreted
5. Increased blood pressure
6. Constriction of skin and abdominal arterioles

Front 13

Parasympathetic Effects

Back 13

1. Constricted Pupils
2. Lowers heart rate and respiratory rate
3. Increased peristalsis
4. Acetylcholine secreted
5. Decreased blood pressure
6. Relaxation of skin and abdominal arterioles

Front 14

Cranial Nerves

Back 14

I. Olfactory
II. Vision Acuity
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Spinal Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal

Front 15

I. Olfactory Nerve

Back 15

Smell

Front 16

II. Optic

Back 16

Vision Acuity

Front 17

III. Oculomotor

Back 17

Perform most eye movements.

Front 18

IV. Trochlear

Back 18

Moves eye down and laterally.

Front 19

V. Trigeminal

Back 19

Sensory of face; chewing

Front 20

VI. Abducens

Back 20

Moves eye laterally

Front 21

VII. Facial

Back 21

Controls most facial expression, wrinkle forehead, taste anterior tongue.

Front 22

VIII. Vestibulocochlear

Back 22

Auditory accuracy, balance, and postural response.

Front 23

IX. Glossopharyngeal

Back 23

Taste on posterior 30% of tongue.

Front 24

X. Vagus

Back 24

Cardiac, respiratory reflexes

Front 25

XI. Spinal/Accessory

Back 25

Strength of trapezious and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Upper back and chest.

Front 26

XII. Hypoglossal

Back 26

Motor function of tongue movements.

Front 27

Decorticate Rigidity/Posturing

Back 27

Causes upper limb flexion and lower limb extension

Front 28

Decerebrate Rigidity/Posturing

Back 28

Increases tone with all limbs in a position of extension. (Kinda like stretching)

Front 29

Apraxia

Back 29

Inability to perform purposeful movements

Front 30

Agnosia

Back 30

Inability to recognize familiar objects by various senses.

Front 31

Spasticity

Back 31

Increased tone, hyperactive reflexes, clonus (involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation), Babinski (extension of toes upward when sole is touched)

Front 32

Ataxia

Back 32

Uncoordinated movements

Front 33

Chorea

Back 33

Involuntary, rapid, irregular, jerky movements; clinical feature of Huntington Disease

Front 34

Flaccidity

Back 34

Absent tone

Front 35

Hypotonia

Back 35

Decreased tone

Front 36

Expressive Aphasia

Back 36

Inability to speak or difficulty speaking

Front 37

Receptive Aphasia

Back 37

Inability to understand verbal speech, inability to receive information

Front 38

Anterior Cerebral Stroke

Back 38

lower extremity more involved than upper extremity; contralateral hemiparesis (paralysis occurring on the side opposite of brain which stroke occurred) and sensory deficits.

Front 39

Posterior Cerebral Stroke

Back 39

Contralateral (other side) sensory loss; transient (short duration) contralateral hemiparesis.

Front 40

Stroke, CVA Risk Factors

Back 40

1. Diabetes
2. Atherosclerosis
3. Hypertension
4. Cardiac Disease
5. Transient Ischemic (Constriction of blood supply) Attacks

Front 41

Aneurysm Precautions

Back 41

1. Avoid Rectal Precautions.
2. Limit Visitors.
3. Avoid Valsalva's Maneuver
4. Head of Bed Should Be Between 30-45 degrees.

Front 42

Aneurysm

Back 42

Widening/Ballooning of an artery or vein; may lead to rupture.

Front 43

Stroke, (CVA=Cerebrovascular Accident)

Back 43

Interruption of blood supply to any part of the brain which leads to death of brain cells.

Front 44

Valsalva's Maneuver

Back 44

Forcibly exhaling with mouth and nose closed. Causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure and collapse of the vein of the chest wall.

Front 45

Valsalva's Maneuver Effects

Back 45

1. Slowing of the pulse
2. Decrease return of blood to the heart.
3. Increased thoracic pressure (pressure within the thorax cavity/chest)

Front 46

Elevated Intracranial Pressure, Nursing Actions

Back 46

1. Maintain proper fluid volumes
2. Set-up quiet environment for minimal sensory stimulation.
3. Elevate head of bed (HOB) approx. 30 degrees
4. Limit suctioning