Nervous System Quiz Review

Front 1

Sensory Input

Back 1

sensory receptors (ex. Eyes, nose) Gather information from the environment and send it to the brain

Front 2

Integration

Back 2

The brain processes and understands the sensory input and decides what should be in response

Front 3

Motor output

Back 3

Messages are sent from the brain to the muscles or glands to cause a response

Front 4

The Divisions of the nervous system C

Back 4

Central and Peripheral

Front 5

Central Nervous System

Back 5

- Includes the brain and spinal cord

- integration and control center

- interprets sensory input and dictates motor output

Front 6

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 6

- nerves that extend from the brain or spinal cord

- spinal nerves: to and from the spinal cord

- cranial nerves: to and from the brain

Front 7

The Peripheral Nervous System is split into…

Back 7

Motor division and sensory division

Front 8

Motor Division (of the Peripheral Nervous System)

Back 8

- efferent division (exits brain)

- sends messages from the brain and to the muscles and glands using motor neurons

- motor output

Front 9

Sensory Division (of the Peripheral Nervous System)

Back 9

- afferent division (arrives at brain)

- delivers messages from the senses to the brain using sensory neurons

- sensory input

Front 10

The motor division is split into…

Back 10

Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Front 11

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 11

- motor neurons from the brain to the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

- involuntary

Front 12

Somatic Nervous System

Back 12

- motor neurons from the brain to the skeletal muscle

- voluntary

Front 13

The autonomic nervous system is split into…

Back 13

Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

Front 14

Sympathetic Division

Back 14

- fight or flight response

- activates the body systems

Front 15

Parasympathetic Division

Back 15

- rest and digest

- calms the body systems down

Front 16

Neuron structure

Back 16

- cell body (soma)

- contains organelles

- produce proteins and molecules needed for a neuron to send or receive an impulse

- dendrites

-receive impulses from previous neuron

- short and highly branched

Front 17

axon

Back 17

- carries impulse away from the soma and toward the next neuron

Front 18

Axon terminals

Back 18

Fine projections at the end of an axon that pass the impulse to the next neuron

Front 19

Synaptic End Bulbs

Back 19

Store neurotransmitters that are released into the synapse due to impulses

Front 20

Axon Hillock

Back 20

Where the axon joins the cell body

Front 21

Myelin Sheath

Back 21

- lipid layer

- insulates the axon

- speeds up the transmissions of action potentials along the axon

Front 22

Schwann Cells

Back 22

Produce the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system

Front 23

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 23

- gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon

- impulses “skip” to them

Front 24

Structural Classifications

Back 24

Based on the number of processes extending from the soma

Front 25

Multi-polar neurons

Back 25

- have many processes

- one long axon and multiple dendrites

- most common type of neuron

Front 26

Bipolar Neurons

Back 26

- have two processes

- one branching axon and one dendrite

- very rare

- only found in the special sense organs (ex. Eyes)

Front 27

Unipolar Neurons

Back 27

- Have only one process (an axon)

- mainly found in the peripheral nervous system

Front 28

Functional Classifications

Back 28

Based on the direction that the message travels through the neuron in relation to the central nervous system

Front 29

Sensory Neurons

Back 29

- also known as afferent neurons

- carry impulses fm the sensory receptors in the skin or sense(s) organs to the central nervous system

Usually unipolar

Front 30

Motor Neurons

Back 30

- also known as efferent neurons

- carry impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands

- usually multipolar

Front 31

Interneurons

Back 31

- also known as association neurons

- transmit impulses within the central nervous system

- over 99% of neurons in the body

- usually multipolar

Front 32

Neurons are:

Back 32

- main cells of these nervous system

- you have billion

- send impulses (messages) from one part of the body to another

Front 33

Neuroglial cells are:

Back 33

- smaller than neurons

- also called “glial” cells which means “glue”

- fill spaces between neurons and supports them

- in the central nervous system they are: astrocytes, epedymall cells,microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes

- in the peripheral nervous system they are: Schwann Cells and Satellite cells

Front 34

Astrocytes are:

Back 34

Largest and most numerous

Front 35

Microglial cells are:

Back 35

- sene and approach injured neurons

- phagocytose bacteria & debris

Front 36

Epyndemal cellls are:

Back 36

Use cilia to circulate cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord

Front 37

Oligondendrocytes are:

Back 37

Form myelin sheath in the central nervous system (an insulated covering)

Front 38

Schwann Cells are:

Back 38

Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system

Front 39

Satellite cells are:

Back 39

- surround the cell body of a neuron

Regulate levels of oxygen, CO2, and nutrients