Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
which neurons are released from the trigeminal complex that may be involved with the migraine reaction?
|
calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-powerful vasodilator
Sub-P AND neurokinin A |
|
|
why is vasodilation of the pial and dural vessels problematic?
|
because it leads to inflammitory processes which will cause stretching and a noxious effect on the nociceptive fibers in the dura
|
|
|
what is the receptor target in the migraine headaches
|
5-HT(1b/1d) AGONISTS
|
|
|
what are the drugs used for the 5-HT1b/1d serotonin analogs?
|
sumatriptan
naratriptan rizatriptan zolmitriptan frovatriptan alomtritan eletriptan |
|
|
what are the two hypotheses proposed to explain the efficacy of the triptain drugs?
|
vasoconstriction action of the serotonin agonists may prevent the vasodilation
or the 5-HT1b/1d receptor may be activated on the presynaptic neuron and block the pro-inflammatory neuropeptides |
|
|
how can sumatripatan be administered
|
SUB-Q or nasal spray possibly oral too like all other triptans
|
|
|
what patients are the triptans contraindicated in?
|
CV (coronary artery disease)-they may cause coronary artery vasospasms, or transient myocardial ischemia
|
|
|
should the triptans be used in pregnant bitches?
|
NO
|
|
|
which triptans are contraindicated in renal or hepatic disease?
|
naratriptan and eletriptan
|
|
|
which tripatan gives a CAUTION with renal or hepatic disease patients?
|
RIZATRIPTAN
|
|
|
which triptan is contraindicated with peripheral vascular disease
|
frovatritan
|
|
|
what is a general contraidication of the triptans?
|
MAO inhibitors and the ergot derivatives
|
|
|
what fungus is the ergot derivative taken from?
|
claviceps purpurea
|
|
|
when are the ergotamine and DHE most effective for treating migrains?
|
as soon as possible such as feeling the aura
|
|
|
what is a side effect of DHE which effect pregnant women?
|
causes oxytocic effects which can induce uterin contractions
|
|
|
what are drug contraindications of the ergot alkaloids? 3 of them
|
triptans
vasocontrictors B2-adrenergic receptor antagonist |
|
|
what are the prophylaxis treatments for migraine headache?
|
amitriptyline
propranolol verapamil valproic acid methysergide (withdrawn from market) |
|
|
why was methysergide removed from the market?
|
caused inflammatory fibrosis
retroperitoneal fibrosis pleuropulmonary fibrosis coronary and endocardial |
|
|
what happens with overuse of the triptans and ergot alkaloids?
|
toxicities and rebound headaches
|
|
|
what are therapeutic uses of opioids?
|
analgesia
diarrhea antitussive acute pulmonary edema (left ventricular failure) shivering anesthesia adjunct control opioid withdrawl |
|
|
which endogenous ligands have a higher affinity for which particular opioid receptor?
|
endorphins> mu
enkephalins> delta dynorphins> kappa |
|
|
which receptor usually causes psychotic effects if activated by a ligand?
|
kappa such opioid like pentazocine
nalbuphine |
|
|
which opioids are used to treat diarrhea
|
diphenoxylate
loperamide |
|
|
meperidine causes what as opposed to other opioid agonists which cause
|
mydriasis/miosis
|
|
|
which opioid agonist does not cause a histamine release?
|
fentynal
|
|
|
which opioid antangoist is sometimes used to treat alchoholism?
|
naltrexone longer duration of action then naloxone
|
