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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a) What is the link between the brain and PNS?
b) Where is this link contained c) It goes from where to where? |
a) The spinal cord
b) Within the vertabrae c) Foramen magnum to L2 |
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Which grows more spinal cord or bone growth?
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Bone growth
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What are the two types of matter within the spinal cord and where are they in relationship to each other?
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The central canal is surrounded by gray matter and is H shaped on cross section
Outer layer is white matter |
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Describe the inside of the central canal
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The central canal is filled with Cerebrospinal fluid and two tracts
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Describe the two types of nerves and in which direction they go in the central canal
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Ascending - sensory
Descending - motor |
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a) Where do spinal reflexes happen?
b) And what is another word for them? |
a) In the spinal cord
b) Primal protective reflexes |
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How is the brain involved with spinal reflexes?
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The brain is not involved.
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What is a soundbite description of a 'Reflex Arc'?
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A pathway where an impulse is received, goes to CNS and sends a reflexive response in return
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What are the steps in the Reflex arc process?
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1.Distal end of a dendrite receives a stimulus
2.Sensory neuron (afferent) takes impulse to CNS 3. The integration center is the spinal cord 4.Motor neuron (efferent) takes impulse from spinal cord 5.Effector - muscle or gland that responds |
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Describe the process of a stretch reflex
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The stretched muscle responds by contracting to prevent it from tearing and its antagonist relaxes due to reciprocal inhibition
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How many neurons are involved in a spinal reflex?
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2; the sensory neuron and the motor neuron
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What neurotransmitter is released by the synapse?
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Acetylcholine
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Describe a tendon reflex.
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The stretched tendon responds by relaxing the muscle tendon to prevent the tendon from tearing and its antagonist contracts due to reciprocal inhibition
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How many spinal nerve pairs are there and how are they named?
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31; by where in the spinal cord area they arise from
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Where do the spinal nerves attach?
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At the root.
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What are the spinal nerve roots called and what are their functions and where are they located?
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Dorsal roots are sensory and are in the back.
Ventral roots are motor and are in the front. |
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Explain the concept of 'plexus' .
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Braided network of spinal nerves
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Name the plexuses.
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The cervical plexus, the brachial plexus and the lumbosacral plexus
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Where on the spinal cord does each plexus reside ?
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1. the cervical plexus is C1-C5
2. The brachial plexus is C6-T1 3. The lumbosacral plexus is T12-S5 |
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Describe what areas each plexus serves (major nerve and section of body).
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1. Cervical - phrenic nerve, diaphram
2. Brachial- Median nerve (carpal tunnel), shoulder, arm 3. Lumbosacral - sciatic nerve, pelvis and legs |
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What parts of the vertebrae has no plexuses?
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T1-T12 - serves ribs and torso
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What is a dermatome?
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A map of skin segments that are served by a single nerve.
Note: Skin of face and scalp are excluded. |
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Describe the autonomic nervous system.
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- Motor division of peripheral nervous system
- controls involuntary functions |
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Name two divisions of ANS
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic
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Describe 'sympathetic' system. 5 characteristics
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- fight or flight
- mobilize for emergency - speed up body processes - thoracolumbar output - widespread, long lasting effect |
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Describe 'parasympathetic' system. 6 characteristics
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- Rest and digest
- slows down body processes - elimination, repair - craniosacral output - more localized, short term effects - salivation,lacrimation, urination, defecation |