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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
afferent
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Sensory. Carries from receptors to CNS
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Efferent
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Motor. Carries from CNS to muscles
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Sensory
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Same as afferent
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Somatic
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Same as Efferent
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Autonomic
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the father system that subdivides into PNS & SNS
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ANS
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Centers, nuclei, tracts, ganglia, and nerves involved in the unconscious regulation of visceral functions; includes components of CNS and PNS
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cranial nerves
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peripheral nerves originating at the brain
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spinal nerves
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31 pairs of nerve that originate on the spinal cord form anterior and posterior roots
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neurons
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a cell in neural tissue that is specialized for intercellular communication through changes in membrane potential and synaptic connections
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glial
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cells of the CNS and PNS that support and protect neurons
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astrocytes
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one of four types of neuroglia in the CNS responsible for maintaining the BBB by stimulation of endothelial cells
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oligodendrocytes
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CNS neuroglia that maintain cellular organization within gray matter and provide a meylin sheath in areas of white matter
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Microglia
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phagocytic neuroglia in the CNS
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Ependymal cells
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layer of cells lining the ventricles and central canal of the CNS
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BBB
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isolation of the CNS from the general circulation; the result of astrocyte regulation of capillary permeability
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schwann cells
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neuroglia responsible for surrounding axons in sheaths in PNS
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ganglia
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collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS
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Satelitte cells
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provide nutrients and cushion cells for neurons and PNS
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grey matter
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areas in the CNS dominated by neuron cell bodies, neuroglia, and unmyelinated axons
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White matter
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regions in CNS dominated by MYELINATED axons
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Neuron
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cell in neural tissue specialized for intercellular communication through changes in membrane potential and synaptic connections
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dendrites
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sensory process of a neuron (Receiving end)
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cell body
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body of a neuron; also called soma
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perikaryon
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cytoplasm that surrounds nucleus in cell body of a neuron
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nissl bodies
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ribosomes, golgi, rough ER, and mitochodnria of perikaryon of a typical neuron
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axon hillock
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elongate extension of a neuron that conducts an action potential
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initial segment
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proximal portion of the axon where an action potential first appears
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axon
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elongate extension of a neuron that conducts an action potential
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collateral branches
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dont know
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telodendria
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terminal axonal branches that end in synaptic knobs
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synaptic knob
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the part of the synapse that resembles a bulb before it reaches another neuron or terminal ending
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neurotransmitters
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bla bla
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synaptic cleft
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gap between the end of a neuron and its joining of another
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neuromuscular junction
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a synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell
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myelin
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insulating sheath around an axon; consists of multiple layers of neuroglial membrane; significantly increases the impulse propagation rate along the axon
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nodes of ranvier
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area between adjacent neuroglia where myeling covering of an axon is incomplete
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asolemma
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no idea
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neurolemma
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outer surface of a neuroglia that encircles an axon
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presynaptic cell
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synaptic surface where neurotransmitter release occurs
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postsynaptic cell
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portion of membrane part of synapse
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