Nervous System- Leonard Stuff

Front 1

Nervous System- Leonard stuff

Back 1

Nervous System- Leonard stuff

Front 2

What does multiple sclerosis look like microscopically?

Back 2

inflammatory infiltrate-

mononuclear periventricular and perivascular inflammation

Front 3

What is the most common peripheral neuropathy?

how can this pathology present?

Back 3

Diabetic Neuropathy

symmetric distal sensorineural polyneuropathy
-stocking-glove loss of sensation (segmental myelin and axons)

occurs in <10% of diabetics, but nearly 50% of diabetics after 25 years.

Front 4

Guillain-Barre is an example of an acute demyelinating inflammatory neuropathy.

what is the progressive pattern as it develops?

Back 4

acute, rapidly progressive symmetric paralysis that beings distally and ascends proximally

Front 5

what are complications of Guillain Barre?

will it ever go away, and if so, how?

Back 5

muscular paralysis may compromise respiratory function and require mechanical ventilation.

resolution typically is spontaneous and begins 2-4 weeks after onset.
-~80% ambulatory within 6 months

Front 6

If you suspect Guillain Barre (acute), how can you rule it out and dx a chronic IDP?

Back 6

if there is progression for more than 4 months, it's probably not GB and probably is chronic.

also, corticosteroids do NOT work with GB, but are effective with chronic.

Front 7

what do the axonal fibers look like in a CIDP (chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)?

Back 7

onion bulb deformity of axonal fibers due to repeated myelin destruction and schwann cell proliferation with remyelination.

Front 8

What is the most common primary tumor in a child?

Back 8

an astrocytoma,

specifically it's Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma

Front 9

Compare adult to child CNS tumors?

where?

Back 9

adult: 66-75% supratentorial; 50% of primary tumors are astrocytic (cerebellum)

child: 66-75% infratentorial; 2nd leading cause of cancer death <15 years old. most common solid tumor. ; 35% of primary tumor is astrocytoma (cerbellum 20-25%)

Front 10

where is the most common metastases to the brain come from?

Back 10

the lung. they are most often carcinomas, most often multiple with ring-enhancing, sharply demarcated lesions.

Front 11

what is the only astrocytoma with tumor cell necrosis?

how do you grade the others?

Back 11

glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV) is the only astrocytoma with tumor cell necrosis.

Grade I: pilocytic
Grade II: diffuse infiltrating
Grade III: Anaplastic
Grade IV: GBM

based on AMEN (atypia, mitosis, endothelial proliferation, necrosis)

Front 12

Oligodendroglial tumors:

which deletions are particular susceptible to chemotherapy? what is the name of the treatment?

Back 12

if the 1p/19q deletion is present then the tumor is particularly susceptible to a 3 drug treatment called PVC.

Front 13

Ependymoma is a rule breaker. What rule does it defy?

Back 13

most pediatric brain tumors are supposed to be infratentorial but the ependymoma will be SUPRAtentorial.

Front 14

Neurofibromatosis Type I is also known as von Recklinghausen's NF. this is peripheral and account for about 90% of NF. What are the inclusion criteria to determine if you have NF1, a phakomatosis?

What criteria is only found in NF 1 (and not NF 2)

Back 14

Inclusion criteria: at least 2 of the following:
-6 cafe au lait spots
-two lisch nodules (iris hamartomas- only seen in NF 1)

Front 15

so NF 2 is the central type. it's less common with a later onset. it's also autosomal dominant. what chromosome is it associated with? what other type of pathology is it associated with?

Back 15

chromosome 22.

associated with bilateral vestibular schwannomas, meningiomas.