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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?
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Neurons and glia
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What is the function of glia?
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- Clean up brain debris
- Transport nutrients to neurons - Hold neurons in place - Digest parts of dead neurons - Regulate content of extracellular space |
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What are the parts of a neuron?
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Cell body and axon + dendrite
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What does each part of a neuron do?
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cell body (vitality)
Dendrite (input axons for transmission) Terminal buttons for output |
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What is found in the axon terminal?
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Terminal boutons and chemical outputs
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How does information flow within a neuron?
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From the dendrite of one neuron to the terminal bouton of another
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What is the synapse?
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Specialized area between neurons
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How do we determine which are the pre- and post-synaptic neuron?
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Pre = MOUTH = terminal boutons send
Post = Ears = dendrite recieve |
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What is a potential?
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How likely the neuron is to fire
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How is potential measured?
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In voltage
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What do resting potential and action potential mean?
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resting - can't be used
action - causes spike/ nerve impulse |
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What do we mean when we say that the resting potential is negative?
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It is negative in relation to the cerebrospinal fluid.
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What does the cell membrane have to do with resting/action potential?
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Ionic discharge travels along the cell membrane
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What happens to the membrane potential during an action potential?
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Spikes up
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What makes the potential more positive?
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Addition of positive ions
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What is an ion
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A charged particle
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What structures do ions use to cross the cell membrane and enter the cell?
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channels
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Where does the action potential occur?
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In the membrane dendrite
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How do psychoactive drugs affect the action potential?
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They alter the membrane itself
they alter the structure of the channels they alter the balance of ions |
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What is synaptic transmission?
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Transmission of information through synapses
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What are the steps in synaptic transmission?
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1. Action potential causes neurotransmitter to release in presynaptic neuron
2.Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron 3. Receptor activation changes the potential in the postsynaptic neuron 4.Termination |
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What is a neurotransmitter?
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A ligand that binds to a receptor
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What causes the axon terminal to release neurotransmitter molecules?
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The action potential reaching the neuron propels the vesicles to release neurotransmitters
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What causes the molecules to move in the synapse?
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The concentration gradient force and the NA+ being attracted to CL-
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What is binding?
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A ligand attaching to a receptor
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What is a receptor?
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A protein in the cell membrane
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What happens when a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor?
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propels an action to possibly occur
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What is the difference beteween ionotropic and metabotropic receptors?
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Ionotropic is attached to the cell membrane, whereas metabotropic is not.
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What is the difference bteween antagonist and inhibition?
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An inhibition would be due to a ligand's inhibitory effects. However an antagonist would just block an agonist from attaching to the binding site.
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How is synaptic transmission terminated?
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By enzymes or re-uptake
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What is the function of the frontal lobe?
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motor area
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What is the function of the parietal lobe?
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Bodily sensation; somatosensory
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What is the function of the occipital lobe?
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vision
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What is the function of the temporal lobe
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auditory + sensory integration
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What is the function of the cerebellum?
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motor coordination + balance
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What are the functions of the hypothalamus?
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Regulate internal states such as thirst, hunger, and temperature
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What are the functions of the basal ganglia?
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slow, deliberate movement
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What is the function of the limbic system? What structures are involved?
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Emotion and Memory + reward and punishment
--hippocampus + nucleus accumbens (amygdala cingulate gyrus) |
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Which structures are in the brain stem?
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medulla, pons, and midbrain
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What are the functions of the medulla?
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Vegetative functions (tells heart to beat...)
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What are the functions of the pons?
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wake/sleep
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What are the functions of the midbrain?
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basic movements (eating, groomming)
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