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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Function 1 of nervous system |
Receiving information from outside and inside the body. |
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Function 2 of nervous system |
Convey impulses from the brain which may stimulate or depress activity in muscles, glands or tissues |
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Function 3 of nervous system |
Integrate the different functions of the body’s organs, tissues and cells |
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Cerebrum |
Initiated voluntary movement, sensory function and thought |
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Brainstem |
Auditory and visual reflexes, rate and length of respiration, regulation of heart rate, coughing, swallowing and vomiting. |
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Cerebellum |
Balance, posture, refinement of movement |
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Where does the spinal cord sit? |
Within the spinal column |
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How many spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord? |
31 |
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What makes up the central nervous system |
Brian and spinal cord |
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Function 1 of spinal cord? |
Provides communication route between brain and parts of the body - not supplied by cranial nerves |
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Function 2 of spinal cord |
Acts as the centre of reflex action |
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What is the brain and spinal cord surrounded by? |
Protective membranes called meninges |
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What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
Clear fluid located within the meninges |
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Where is CSF produced? |
In the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral Nervous System consists of? |
Sensory and motor nerves |
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The peripheral nervous system connects? |
Brain and spinal cord to peripheral structures - skin and muscles |
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The PNS also |
Regulates the body’s autonomic, involuntary functions to maintain homeostasis |
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Autonomic nervous system regulates- |
Heart rate, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination and sexual response |
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Paraplegia |
Paralysis of lower limbs |
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Hemiplegia |
Paralysis of one side of the body |
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Quadriplegia |
Paralysis of all four limbs |
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Monoplegia |
Paralysis of one limb |
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Central nervous system depression may cause loss of airway latency and protective reflexes- TRUE OR FALSE |
True |
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Cause of unconsciousness FISH |
Fainting, Imbalance of heat, Shock, Head Injury |
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Potential cause of unconsciousness- SHAPED |
Stroke, Heart Attack, Asphyxia, Poisoning, Epilepsy, Diabetes |
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Signs & symptoms of hypothermia |
Cold to touch Cold, pale dry skin Shivering Apathetic, confused, irrational behaviour, belligerent Lethargy & failing consciousness Slow, weakening pulse Cardiac arrest - extreme case |
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Hyperthermia |
Headache, dizziness, confusion, sweating, nausea, loss of appetite, rapid weakening pulse & breathing. Temp 38 - 40 degrees |
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Heat stroke |
Strong bounding pulse, flushed skin, hot to touch, confused, restless, headache, temp 40-43 degrees |
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What is epilepsy |
Abnormal electrical discharge in the brain |
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Generalised seizure |
Both sides of the brain are involved at the outset |
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Partial seizure |
Discharge starts in a localised area of the brain |
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Tonic clonic |
PT becomes rigid, falls to ground jerking all over - usually stops after a few mins |
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Tonic seizure |
Sudden stiffening, PT falls to ground, quick recovery |
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Atonic seizure |
Sudden loss of muscle tone, PT collapses to ground, quick recovery |
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Absence seizure |
Brief interruption of consciousness- blank staring, eyelid fluttering- lasts a few seconds |
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Simple partial seizure |
Varying presentation, consciousness maintained. Pins & needles, unusual taste or smell. Localised jerking |
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Complex partial seizure |
Consciousness altered. Automatic, semi-purposeful behaviour (lip smacking/pulling at clothes) wandering as if drunk |
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Secondary generalised seizure |
Episode does not stop, evolved into generalised seizure |
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Non epileptic seizures can be caused by? |
Low blood sugar Lack of O2 Drug or alcohol withdrawal Fever Physiological changes during pregnancy Head trauma |
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Status epilepticus |
Seizures last for more than 30 mins with no recovery in between - can result in permanent neurological damage, respiratory failure & cardiac arrest |
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What age does febrile convulsions usually occur? |
6 months to 5years |
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What can cause febrile convulsions |
High body temperature without serious underlying health issues |
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How to manage seizures? |
Assess consciousness, maintain airway, apply high flow O2, do not restrain |
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What is a stroke (CVA) |
Result of impaired blood flow to the brain |
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Ischaemic stroke |
Blockage of blood vessel causing hypoxic damage to critical area of brain tissue |
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Haemorrhagic stroke |
Ruptured blood vessel in the brain which applies pressure to the brain tissue |
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What is a TIA |
Brief interruption of blood supply to the brain causing temporary neurological impairment - can last up to 24hrs |
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Headache, slurred/difficult speech, flaccid muscles on one side of face, confusion, incontinence raised BP, agitation and aggression are signs and symptoms of what? |
Stroke/TIA |
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What is 10-10-10? |
A rapid approach for critically ill patients. 10 mins to arrive - assess and decide 10 mins to communicate reassure and move 10 mins to leave scene quickly |
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What is meningitis? |
Inflammation of the lining around the brain & spinal cord |
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What is septicaemia? |
Blood poisoning from a disease |
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Fever, headache, vomiting, limb/joint pain, pale or mottled skin, rash, stiff neck, dislike of bright lights , sleepy, seizures are sign & symptoms of what condition? |
Meningitis / septicaemia |