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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the subdivisions of the PNS? |
Somatic Autonomic Enteric |
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What are the two divisons of the autonomic system (ANS)? |
Sympathetic division (fight or flight) parasympathetic division (rest and restore) |
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At a chemical synapse between 2 neurons what is the neuron receiving the signal is called? |
postsynaptic neuron |
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At a chemical synapse between 2 neurons what is the neuron sending the signal is call? |
presynaptic neuron |
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What is the integrative function of the nervous system? |
Involves analyzing sensory information, storing some of it and making decisions regarding appropriate responses |
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In what order do the events in a chemical synapse occur? |
1. Arrival of nerve impulse at the presynaptic neurons synaptic end bulb 2. Inward flow of Calcium through activated voltage gated calcium channels in the synaptic end bulb membrane 3. exocytosis of synaptic vesicles 4. release of neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft 5.binding of neurotransmitter to receptors on postsynaptic neurons plasma membrane 6. either depolarization or hyperpolarization of post synaptic membrane |
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Several neurons in the brain sending impulses to a single motor neuron that terminates at the neuromuscular junction is an example of which circuit? |
Converging Circuit |
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Never impulse from a single presynaptic neuron causes the stimulation of increasing numbers of cells along the circuit |
Diverging Circuit |
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neuronal circuit arranged in a circle the incoming impulse stimulates the first neuron, which stimulates the second, which stimulates the third and so on. Branches from the late r neurons synapse with earlier ones and sends the impulse through the circuit again and again |
Reverberating circuit |
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Presynaptic neuron stimulates a single postsynaptic neuron |
Simple series |
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A single presynaptic cell stimulates a group of neurons, each of which synapses with a common postsynaptic cell. |
parallel after-discharge |
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What is the result if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect, but less than the threshold fo the stimulation? |
The result is a subthreshold EPSP |
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What is the result if the if the inhibitory effect is greater then the excitatory effect? |
The membrane hyperpolarizes resulting I inhibition of the postsynaptic neuron and the inability of the neuron to generate a nerve impulse |
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What are 3 ways neurotransmitters can be removed? |
diffusion reuptake by cells Enzymatic breakdown
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Neurons with just one process extending from the cell body and are always sensory neurons |
unipolar cells |
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Help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for generation of action potentials by neurons and are part of the blood-brain barrier |
astrocytes |
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Provide Myelin sheath for CNS axons |
oligodendrocytes |
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Contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, unmyelinated axons and neuroglia |
gray matter |
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composed primarily of myelinated axons |
white matter |
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A cluster of cell bodies within the CNS |
ganglion |
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Bundles of axons and associated with connective tissue and blood vessel in the PNS |
nerves |
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Nerons having several dendrites and one axon; most common neuronal type |
multipolar neurons |
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Neurons with one main dendrite and one axon; found in the retina of the eye |
bipolar neurons |
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Support neurons in the PNS |
Satellite cells |
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Provide myelin sheath for PNS |
Schwann Cells |
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A Small Deviation from resting membrane potential that makes the membrane either more or less polarized |
Graded Potential |
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A sequence of rapidly occurring events that decreases and eventually reverses the membrane potential and then restores it to the resting state; a nerve impulse |
Action potential |
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Polarization that is less negative than the resting level |
depolarizing graded potential |
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Polarization that is more negative than the resting level |
hyperpolarizing graded potential |
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The minimum level of depolarization required for a nerve impulse to be generated |
Threshold |
