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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What organs are in the nervous system?
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brain, spinal cord, nerves
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The nervous system is divided into which 3 systems?
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) |
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Tissues in the Nervous System fall into which 2 types?
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neurons and glia
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The central nervous system consists of which two organs?
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brain and spinal cord
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What are the 3 parts of a neuron
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dendrite
cell body axon |
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Dendrite
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branching nerve cell process,
normally unmyelinated |
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cell body
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body of neuron connecting dendrites to the axon
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Axon
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conducts impulses away from the cell body
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Sensory Neurons
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conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain
afferent neurons |
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Afferent Neurons
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conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain
sensory neurons |
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Motor Neurons
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conducts impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and joints
efferent neurons |
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Efferent Neurons
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conducts impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and joints
motor neurons |
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interneurons
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conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
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(Word Root)
neuro- |
refers to nerves
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(Word Root
dendro- |
"branch"
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(Word Root)
oligo- |
"few" or "little"
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What two processes allows the function of the nervous system to be accomplished?
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conduction of nerve impulses
and passing of the nerve impulses across a synapse |
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What are the primary functions of the nervous system? (4)
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communication between body functions
integration of body functions control of body functions recognition of sensory stimuli |
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myelin
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white, fatty substance wrapped around some axons
speeds up conduction of nerve impulses |
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What two cells form myelin and in which system?
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schwann cells --- Peripheral Nervous System
oligodendroglia --- Central Nervous System |
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Schwann Cell
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cells form myelin in Peripheral Nervous System
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Oligodendroglia Cell
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cells form myelin in Central Nervous System
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Neurilemma
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outer membrane of Schwann cells
allows regeneration of axons |
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Axons in the brain cannot regenerate because they lack ______.
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neurilemma
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Node of Ranvier
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indention between myelin cells
place nerve impulses jump to |
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Name 3 examples of glia.
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astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, Schwann Cells
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_____ are special, supporting cells in the nervous system.
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glia
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astrocytes
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star-shaped cells that form the blood-brain barrier
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bbb
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blood brain barrier
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blood brain barrier (BBB)
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formed by astrocytes in the brain to protect nervous tissue from harmful chemicals in the blood
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microglia
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usually stationary, react when tissue is inflamed acting as phagocytes, eating microbes
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nerve
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group of peripheral nerve fibers bundled together
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____ is white causing the _____ _____ to look white.
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Myelin
Peripheral Nerves |
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Tracts
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bundles of axons in the Central Nervous System (CNS)
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White matter
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myelinated axons
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Gray Matter
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cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons
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_______ wraps each axon made up of thin fibrous connective tissue.
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endoneurium
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endoneurium
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wraps each axon made up of thin fibrous connective tissue
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_______ wraps each fasicle made up of thin fibrous connective tissue.
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perineurium
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perineurium
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wraps each fasicle made up of thin fibrous connective tissue
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fascicle
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groups of wrapped axons
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______ covers the whole nerve
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epineurium
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Impulses travel through neurons by entering the ______ to the ______ then _____.
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dendrite
cell body axon |
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nerve impulses are also called _____ ______.
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action potentials
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neuron pathways
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routes traveled by nerve impulses
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Tracts can be found in ____ Nervous System only.
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Central
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Reflex Arc
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basic type of neuron pathway
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Which of the reflex arcs stores information?
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Three Neuron Arc
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Reflex arcs result in ....? (2)
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contraction of a muscle
or secretion by a gland |
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Describe the pathway of a 2 neuron arc.
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stimulus -> receptor-> sensory neuron-> synapse -> motor neuron -> effector -> reflex
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Describe the pathway of a 3 neuron arc.
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stimulus -> receptor-> sensory neuron-> synapse -> interneruon -> synapse -> motor neuron -> effector -> reflex
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stimulus -> receptor-> sensory neuron-> synapse -> interneruon -> synapse -> motor neuron -> effector -> reflex
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3 Neuron Arc
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stimulus -> receptor-> sensory neuron-> synapse -> motor neuron -> effector -> reflex
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2 Neuron Arc
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3 Neuron Arc (Fill in the blank)
______ -> receptor-> sensory neuron-> synapse -> ______ -> synapse -> motor neuron -> _______ -> reflex |
stimulus
motor neuron effector |
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2 Neuron Arc (Fill in the blank) stimulus -> ______ -> ________ -> synapse -> motor neuron -> effector -> ______
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receptor
sensory neuron reflex |
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receptors are found on the beginnings of _____.
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dendrites
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ganglion
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group of nerve cell bodies
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synapse
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space between an axon and a dendrite
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effector
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organ that puts nerve signals "into effect"
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All interneurons lie entirely in the _____ _____ of the brains and spinal cord.
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gray matter
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Impulse is ______ at the synaptic knob, _____ at the synaptic cleft, and ______ at the receptor.
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electrical
chemical electrical |
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Synaptic Knob
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bulb-ed end of the axon containing neurotransmitter enclosed in vesicles
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neurotransmitter
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chemical compound relaying the message chemically from the synaptic knob across the synaptic cleft to the receptor
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Polarization
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Resting neuron has a slight positive charge on the outside and a negative charge on the inside
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