Nervous System

Front 1

Olfactory

Back 1

Cranial nerve that carries impulses for the sense of smell

Front 2

Oculomotor

Back 2

Cranial nerve that direct the eyeball and controls lens shape and pupil size

Front 3

Optic

Back 3

Cranial nerve that carries impulses for vision

Front 4

Trochlear

Back 4

Cranial nerve that supplies motor fibers for one external eye muscle (superior oblique)

Front 5

Trigeminal

Back 5

Cranial nerve that conducts sensory impulses from the skin of the face and mucosa of the nose and mouth; it also contains motor fibers that activate the chewing muscles

Front 6

Abducens

Back 6

Cranial nerve that supplies motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscle, which rolls the eye laterally

Front 7

Facial

Back 7

Cranial nerve that activates muscles of facial expression and the lacrimal and salivary glands; carries sensory impulses from the taste buds of anterior tongue

Front 8

Vestibulocochlear

Back 8

Cranial nerve that transmits impulses for the sense of balance and for the sense of hearing

Front 9

Glossopharyngeal

Back 9

Cranial nerve that supplies motor fibers to the pharynx that promote pharynx that promote swallowing and saliva production

Front 10

Vagus

Back 10

Cranial nerve that promote digestive activity and help regulate heart activity

Front 11

Accessory

Back 11

Cranial nerve that activates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Front 12

Hypoglossal

Back 12

Cranial nerve that controls tongue movements (motor), and carry impulses from the tongue (sensory)

Front 13

Nervous system

Back 13

Master of controlling and communicating system of the body

Front 14

Sensory input

Back 14

The gathered information from the stimuli

Front 15

Integration

Back 15

The process of interpreting sensory inputs

Front 16

Motor output

Back 16

The response caused by the activated effectors

Front 17

Neuroglia

Back 17

Cells that generally support, insulate, and protect the delicate neurons

Front 18

Astrocytes

Back 18

Abundant star-shaped cells that account for nearly half of neural tissue

Front 19

Astrocytes

Back 19

Neuroglial cells that form the living barrier between capillaries and neurons, help determine capillary permeability, and play a role in making exchanges between the two

Front 20

Microglia

Back 20

Spiderlike phagocytes that monitor the health of nearby neurons, and dispose of debris, including dead brain cells and bacteria

Front 21

Ependymal cells

Back 21

Glial cells that line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord

Front 22

Ependymal cells

Back 22

The beating of their cilia helps to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid that fills those cavities and forms a protective cushion around the CNS

Front 23

Oligodendrocytes

Back 23

Glia that wrap their flat extensions tightly around the nerve fibers, producing fatty insulating coverings called myelin sheaths

Front 24

Schwann cells

Back 24

Form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers that are found in the PNS

Front 25

Satellite cells

Back 25

Act as protective, cushioning cells in the PNS

Front 26

Neurons or nerve cells

Back 26

Highly specialized to transmit messages (nerve impulses) from one part of the body another

Front 27

Cell body

Back 27

The metabolic center of the neuron

Front 28

Dendrites

Back 28

Neuron processes that convey electrical signals toward the cell body

Hint 28

Dendr = tree

Front 29

Axons

Back 29

Neuron processes that generate nerve impulses and typically conduct them away from the cell body

Front 30

Axon hillock

Back 30

Conelike region of the cell body where axon arises

Front 31

Neurilemma

Back 31

Part of the schwann cell that is external to the myelin sheath

Front 32

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 32

Gaps or indentations at regular intervals of the myelin sheath

Front 33

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Back 33

An autoimmune disease in which a protein component of the myelin sheaths is attacked

Front 34

White matter

Back 34

Consists of dense collections of myelinated fiber (tracts)

Front 35

Gray matter

Back 35

Consists mostly of unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies

Front 36

Cutaneous sense organs

Back 36

Sensory receptors in the skin

Front 37

Proprioceptors

Back 37

Sensory receptors in the muscles and tendons

Front 38

Nuclei

Back 38

Clusters of cell bodies found in the CNS

Front 39

Ganglia

Back 39

Small collections of cell bodies found in a few sites outside CNS in the PNS

Front 40

Tracts

Back 40

Bundles of nerve fibers (neuron processes) running through the CNS

Front 41

Nerves

Back 41

Bundles of nerve fibers (neuron processes) running through the PNS

Front 42

Interneurons or association neurons

Back 42

Third category of neurons that connects the motor and sensory neurons in neural pathways

Front 43

Multipolar neuron

Back 43

The most common structural type in which there are several processes extending from the cell body

Front 44

Bipolar neuron

Back 44

Neurons that are rare in adults, found only in some sense organs (eye, nose), where they act in sensory processing as receptor cells. They have two processes, an axon and a dendrite.

Front 45

Unipolar neuron

Back 45

Neurons that have a single process emerging from the cell body

Front 46

Irritability

Back 46

The ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into nerve impulse

Front 47

Conductivity

Back 47

The ability to transmit the stimulus to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Front 48

Reflexes

Back 48

Rapid, predictable , and involuntary responses to stimuli