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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The three types of neurons are called: |
sensory neurons, interneurons and motor neurons |
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Depolarization of neurons is caused by inward diffusion of (A) ions while repolarization is the result of outward diffusion of (B) ions. |
A- Na+ (Sodium) B- K+ (Potassium) |
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Shwann cells manufacture the (A) which is an insulative fat that wraps the axon. |
A- myelin |
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The process which moves ions across the neural membranes against their concentration gradient is called (A) |
A- Action Transport |
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Once a threshold level is achieved, depolarization occurs. If it is not reached there is no nerve impulse. This concept is the (A) |
A- all or none response |
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The strength of a stimulus needed to make a neuron fire is called its: (A) |
A- threshold level |
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The (A) nervous system consists of all parts of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord that relay information between the CNS and other parts of the body. |
A- peripheral |
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Write out the order of a nervous message and response. |
SR. SIMEA Stimulus, Receptor, Sensory Neuron, Interneuron, Motor Neuron, Effector, Action. |
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What is different in a reflex versus a regular nervous response? Why is this an advantage? |
A reflex is sent through a reflex arc which transmits the message faster than a regular nervous response. |
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The brain and the spinal cord are the (A) |
A- Central Nervous System |
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what is the basic functional unit of the nervous system? |
Neuron |
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Which of the following is true:
A: Dentrites carry information toward the cell body. B: Dentrites carry information away from the cell body. C: Axons carry information toward the cell. D: None of the above. |
A |
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Neurons carry information through the body in the form of (A) |
Nerve Impulses |
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Which neurons conduct information toward the central nervous system (CNS) and is also known as an afferent neuron? |
sensory neurons |
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Neurons with myelin sheath conduct nerve impulses.. A: faster than neurons without myelin sheaths. B: at the same speed as neurons without myelin sheaths C: slower than neurons without myelin sheaths D: in greater numbers than neurons without myelin sheaths |
A |
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Messages take the form of electrical signals, are known as: |
nerve impulses |
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The depolarization and repolarization of a neuron membrane is called what? |
action potential |
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What is the region between neurons, or between neurons and effectors? |
synapses |
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What is the function of neurotransmitters? |
chemically link neurons across the synapse to conduct impulses |
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For a neuron to return to its resting potential, the intracellular space must: |
lose positive charge |
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a change in the environment that may be of sufficient strength to initiate an impulse is called: |
a stimulus |
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When a neuron is depolarized, the inside of the membrane temporarily becomes ... |
more positive than the outside |
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The minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron is called the ... |
threshold |
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The long fiber that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body is a(n) ... |
axon |
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The recovery time required before a neuron can produce another action potential is ?? |
refractory period |
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when a nerve cell is polarized, the inside of the cell membrane is |
negatively charged and the outside is positively charged |
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which description does not apply to all nerve impulses: A: They follow an all or none principle B: They flow at various speeds C: They jump from node to node D: They flow in only one direction |
D |
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If you accidentally touch a hot stove, you pull your finger away before the impulse is relayed to the ... |
brain |
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The somatic nervous system regulates activities that are ... |
conscious control |
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For a neuron to achieve Resting Potential, it must move (A) ions out of the cell, and actively pump (B) ions into the cell. |
A: 3Na+ B: 2K+ |
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At the beginning of an impulse, the (A) gates open |
A: Na+ |
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Subdivision of the PNS that regulates the activity of the heart and smooth muscle and of glands; also called the involuntary nervous system. (A) nervous system. |
Autonomic |
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Nerves that carry messages from the body to the central nervous system make up the (A) nervous system. |
A- peripheral |
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What are the two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system? |
sensory & motor |
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Within the spinal cord, motor and sensory neurons are connected by .... |
interneurons |
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The autonomic nervous system is divided into TWO divisions, they are .... |
sympathetic & parasympathetic |
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A (A) is a chemical substance that is used by one neuron to signal another. |
A- neurotransmitter |
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A change in the environment that may be sufficient strength to initiate an impulse is called a ... |
stimulus |
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The minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron is called the ... |
threshold |
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sensory and motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system transmit impulses between muscles and the ... |
central nervous system |
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a nerve impulse is transmitted when a stimulus.. |
increases the permeability of the neuron to sodium ions, allowing these ions to enter the neuron |
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sensors responsible for receiving environmental information are: |
receptors |
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structures that carry nerve impulses to the central nervous system are called ... |
sensory neurons |
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the positive resting potential on the outside of nerve fibers is primarily due to the presence of which ion? |
sodium |
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when the threshold level of a stimulus is reached, the impulse carried by the neuron is the same as if the threshold level were exceeded. This phenomenon is known as .. |
action potential |
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when a neuron is stimulated at threshold level, the time required to return to its original electrochemical state is known as the ... |
refractory period |
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Define Gliall Cells |
nonconducting cell important for structural support and metabolism of the nerve cells |
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Define neuron |
nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses |
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Define shwann cell |
special type of glial cell that produces the myelin sheath |
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Define nodes of ranvier |
regularly occuring gaps between sections of myelin sheath along the axon |
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Define neurilemma |
delicate membrane that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells |
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Define ganglion/ganglia |
collections of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system |
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Define reflex arc |
neural circuit through the spinal cord |
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Define action potential |
the voltage difference when the nerve is excited |
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Define resting potential |
voltage difference across a nerve is not excited |
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Define the sodium potassium pump |
a transporter that moves potassium ions in while simultaniously removing sodium ions out |
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Define repolarization |
process of restoring the original polarity of the nerve membrane |
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Define hyper polarization |
when the inside of the nerve cell has a greater negative charge than the resting membrane |
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Define presynaptic neuron |
neuron that carries impulses TO the synapse |
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Define postsynaptic neuron |
neuron that carries impulses away from the synapse |
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What are to neurotransmitters? |
acetocholine and cholinesterase |
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What is the function of acetylcholine |
makes the postynaptic membranes more permeable to Na ions |
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What is the function of cholinesterase |
breaks down acetylcholine |
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Define summation |
accumulation of neurotransmitters |
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What establishes a polarized membrane? |
active transport and diffusion of sodium and potassium ions |
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What is an action potential caused by?
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the inflow of sodium ions |
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What do nerve cells exhibit? |
an all-or-none response |
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What do neurotransmitters allow? |
the nerve message to move across the synapse |
