Nervous System

Front 1

Three divisions of the PNS and what they innervate

Back 1

Somatic-skeletal
Autonomic-smooth, glands, cardiac
Enteric- enteric plexuses

Front 2

ECM of PNS

Back 2

peripheral nerves; three connective tissue sheaths

Front 3

What are the three connective tissue sheaths?

Back 3

Endoneurium
perineurium
epineurium

Front 4

Resident cells of PNS

Back 4

Neurons-transmit impulses
Neuroglial cells- Schwann cells

Front 5

What is the principle of dynamic polarization?

Back 5

The information flow is unidirectional

Front 6

GSA=
impulses from?

Back 6

general somatic afferent
skin, bone, skeletal muscle, joints, ligaments, tendons...

Front 7

GVA=
impulses from?

Back 7

general visceral afferent
viscera including blood vessels

Front 8

GSE=
Innervate?

Back 8

general somatic efferent
skeletal muscle

Front 9

GVE=
innervate?

Back 9

general visceral afferent
smooth and cardiac muscle and most glands

Front 10

Which fiber type is the largest in diamater and myelinated?

Back 10

Type A; GSE, GSA

Front 11

Fiber type:
preganglionic autonomic, myelinated

Back 11

Type B

Front 12

Fiber type:
postganglionic sympathetics, unmyelinated
(dorsal Root-pain,temp, mechanoreception)

Back 12

Type C

Front 13

Function of the nervous system:

Back 13

communication;

Front 14

Function of PNS:

Back 14

keep other tissues of the body in communication with the central nervous system

Front 15

What makes up the CNS? PNS?

Back 15

CNS=brain and spinal cord
PNS=ganglia, nerves, nerve endings, organs of special senses

Front 16

The signaling properties of thhe nervous tissue express two fundamental attributes of protoplasm?

Back 16

1. excitability-create APs
2. conductivity- propagaion of APs

Front 17

Cell body of a neuron

Back 17

soma

Front 18

cytoplasm of a neuron

Back 18

perikaryon

Front 19

Two types of radiating cell processes?

Back 19

axon-transmission
dendtrite-reception

Front 20

Type of neuron that has only one process, an axon.

Back 20

Pseudounipolar

Front 21

Where are pseudounipolar neurons found?

Back 21

Sensory ganglia associated with dorsal roots and of certain cranial nerves

Front 22

Bipolar neurons differentiate into what?

Back 22

pseudounipolar neurons

Front 23

Type of neuron with two processes, both axons.

Back 23

bipolar neurons

Front 24

Neurons with three or more processes, one of which is an axon and the others dendrites

Back 24

multipolar neurons

Front 25

Where are the cell bodies of bipolar neurons found?

Back 25

retina, vestibular and acoustic ganglia. fetus

Front 26

Where are the cell bodies of multipolar neurons found?

Back 26

central nervous system and autonomic ganglia

Front 27

An axon plus one or two coverings

Back 27

nerve fiber

Front 28

all nerve fibers have what?

Back 28

Sheath of Schwann and some have a myelin sheath

Front 29

Points at which an axon is devoid of myelin

Back 29

node of ranvier

Front 30

deceptive, false interruptions are the incisures of what

Back 30

clefts of Schmidt-Lantermann

Front 31

A spongy framework visible after myelin extraction during processesing is what?

Back 31

neurokeratin network

Front 32

Nerve fibers are organized into several bundles known as _____. the nerve fibers are surrounded by a delicate connective tissue called the ______

Back 32

fasicles
endoneurium

Front 33

Immediately surrounding the fascile is a dense connective tissue composed of perineurial cells, longitudinally arranged collagen fibrils and numerous blood and lymphatic vessels.

Back 33

Perineurium

Front 34

The fascicles are bound by this into a nerve trunk; dense connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers, fat, and blood vessels.

Back 34

epineurium

Front 35

70% of myelin is ?
Composed of what two major things?

Back 35

lipid; cholesterol and cerebroside

Front 36

Major dense lines are caused by the fusion of the __ surface of the Schwann PM. What protein is found there?

Back 36

P; Myelin Basic protein

Front 37

Intraperiod lines are the fusion of the __ surfaces of the Schwann PM. What protein is found there?

Back 37

E; Protein zero (Po)

Front 38

Nerve impulse conduction can be blocked by what things?

Back 38

cold, heat, pressure on the nerve fiber
anesthetics-complete blocking

Front 39

nerves of various sizes often accompany blood vessels and this arrangement is referred to as a

Back 39

neurovascular bundle

Front 40

Always short, highly branched, and conduct graded potentials?

Back 40

Dendrites

Front 41

What type of graded potentials can a dendrite conduct?

Back 41

EPSP
IPSP

Front 42

Long, can be short, collateral branches, terminal boutons, conduct action potentials?

Back 42

Axon
Axolemma=PM
Axoplasm=cytoplasm

Front 43

What is responsible for axonal transport?

Back 43

Microtubules

Front 44

Where AP is started? never myelinated

Back 44

Trigger zone

Front 45

RER + free polysomes=

Back 45

nissyl bodies

Front 46

What makes up the neurofibrils?

Back 46

MTs and neurofilaments

Front 47

What is absent in the axon hillock and axon?

Back 47

RER

Front 48

Where is the locations of the voltage gated NA channels?

Back 48

all over the axon but only active at the Nodes of Ranvier, the myelin prevents them from opening.

Front 49

What type of collagen?
A.Epineurium
B.Perinurium
C.endoneurium

Back 49

A.type I
B.type I
C. Type III, reticular fibers

Front 50

Which connective tissue sheath has some tight junctions

Back 50

perineurium

Front 51

Schwann cells are of what germ layer derivative?

Back 51

neural crest

Front 52

Schwann cells contain what IF?

Back 52

GFAP

Front 53

What is the membrane resting potential of a neuron?

Back 53

-70mV

Front 54

Where do graded potentials summate?

Back 54

At trigger zone of inital segment

Front 55

What is the threshhold membrane potential

Back 55

-50mV; will propogate an AP in an all or none response

Front 56

What type of conduction is in myelinated axons?

Back 56

saltatory

Front 57

What restores the resting membrane potential?

Back 57

Na/K pumps

Front 58

What type of conduction is in unmyelinated axons?

Back 58

continuous; requires a lot of ATP and is very slow.