Nervous System

Front 1

central nervous system

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Front 2

peripheral nervous system

Back 2

nerves traveling fromm the brain or spinal cord to the target organs and back

Front 3

afferent nerves

Back 3

conduct nervous impulses toward the CNS
also called sensory nerves

Front 4

efferent nerves

Back 4

conduct nervous immpulses away from the CNS
also called motor nerves

Front 5

somatic nervous system

Back 5

conscious, voluntary control of skeletal muscles

Front 6

autonomic nervous system

Back 6

part of the nervous system that controls and coordinates automatic functions
send impulses to smooth muslces, cardiac muscle, and endocrine glands

Front 7

resting state

Back 7

neuron is not being stimulated

Front 8

resting membrane potential

Back 8

electrical difference in charges accross the membrane
(inside of neuron is more negatively charged than the outside)

Front 9

depolarization

Back 9

opening of sodium channel causing sudden influx of sodium ions into the cell, resulting in shift of negative to positive charge within the cell (action potntial)

Front 10

sensory neuron

Back 10

carries signals of touch, taste, etc to the brain

Front 11

motor neurons

Back 11

carry instructions from the brain to the muscles

Front 12

synapse

Back 12

junction of the synaptic knobs of one neuron with the dendrites or cell body of the adjacent neuron

Front 13

neuromuscular junction

Back 13

junction of the nerve and the muscle fiber

Front 14

shchwann cells

Back 14

provide structural ad metabolic support to neurons, form myelin sheath

Front 15

oligodendrocytes

Back 15

form myelin sheath in the CNS

Front 16

saltatory conductio

Back 16

electrical impulse jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next without depolarization and repolarization taking place along the entire length of the axon cell membrane

Front 17

excitatory neurotransmitters

Back 17

open ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane initaiting action potential

Front 18

inhibatry neurotransmitters

Back 18

stabilize cell membrane channels and prevent ion transport, thereby decreasing neuron's excitability

Front 19

norepinephrine

Back 19

neurotransmitter secreted in the brain, can be excitatory or inhibitory

Front 20

acetylcholine

Back 20

neutroansmitter secreted in CNS, usually excitatory

Front 21

myasthenia gravis

Back 21

immmune system attacks and destroys receptors for acetylcholine, preventing normal transmission of action potentials from motor neurons to skeletal muscle fibers

Front 22

meninges

Back 22

external connective tissue covering the brain
consists of pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater