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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NAME THE 5 FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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1- SENSORY INPUT
2- INTEGRATION 3- CONTROL OF MUSCLE & GLANDS 4- HOMEOSTATIS 5- MENTAL ACTIVITY |
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SENSORY INPUT
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MONITORS EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL STIMULI AND RELAYS TO THE BRAIN SIGHT,TOUCH, VISION, PAIN, BODY POSTION, TEMPATURE, BLOOD PH, BLOOD PRESSURE
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INTEGRATION
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BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD,PROCESS THAT INFO AND ACTS ON IT
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CONTROL OF MUSCLES & GLANDS
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SKELETAL MUSCLES, SMOOTH MUSCLE
NERVOUS SYSTEM CAN ALTER THE RATE OF SMOOTH & CARDIAC CONTROLS DIGESTIVE SYSTEM GLANDS |
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HOMEOSTATIS
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PROVIDE NETWORK FOR CELLS TO SYSTEMS TO COORDINATE FUNCTION
HEART RATE& DIAPHRAGM & CAPPILLARY PRESSURE ALL MUST WORK TOGETHER |
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MENTAL ACTIVITY
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CONSCIOUSNESS, THINKING, MEMORY, EMOTION
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SENSORY RECEPTORS
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NERVE ENDINGS IN SKIN, MUSCLE, JOINTS, ORGANS
DETECT TEMP, PAIN, TOUCH,SOUND, ODOR, MUSCLE STRETCH, ORGAN STRETCH, POSTION STRETCH |
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NERVE
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BUNDLE OF AXONS, CONNECTING CNS TO SENSORY, MUSCLE, GLANDS
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CRANIAL NERVES
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12 PAIR ORGINATE IN THE BRAIN
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SPINAL NERVES
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31 PAIR ORGINATE IN THE SPINAL CORD.
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GANGLION
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COLLECTION OF NEURON CELLS OUTSIDE CNS
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PLEXUS
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NETWORK OF AXONS
EXAM- BRACHIAL PLEXUS |
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SYNAPSE
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JUNCTION OF A NERVE CELL WITH ANOTHER CELL
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CENTREL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
CONTINUOUS AT FORAMEN MAGNUM |
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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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BROKEN UP INTO TWO DIVISIONS
SENSORY MOTOR CONSIST OF SENSORY RECEPTORS, NERVES, GANGLIA, PLEXUSES |
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SENSORY DIVISION
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AKA- AFFERENT
TRANSMITS FROM RECEPTORS TO THE CNS ( OUT TO IN) |
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MOTOR DIVISION
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AKA- EFFERENT
TRANSMITS FROM CNS TO MUSCLES AND GLANDS ( IN TO OUT) DIVIDED INTO TWO DIVISIONS 1- SOMATIC 2- AUTONOMIC |
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SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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ACTION POTENIAL FROM CNS TO SKELETAL MUSCLES ( VOLUNTARY)
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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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ACTION POTENTIAL FROM CNS TO SMOOTH MUSCLE,CARDIAC MUSCLE,
AND GLANDS( INVOLUNTARY) CELL BODIES OF FIRST NEURONS WITHIN CNS SYNAPSE WITH AUTONOMIC GANGLIA. AXONS OF AUTONOMIC GANGLIA EXTEND TO ORGANS, MUSCLES DIVIDED INTO 3 DIVISIONS SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC ENTERIC |
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SYMPATHETIC
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ACTIVE DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY( FIGHT OR FLIGHT)
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PARASYMPATHETIC
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REGULATES RESTING FUNCTIONS
EXAM- DIGESTION |
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ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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PLEXUSES IN WALLS OF DIGESTIVE TRACT
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SOMA
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AKA- NEURON CELL BODY
CONTAINS ONE LARGE NUCLEUS |
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DENDRITES
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BRACHING RECEPTORS THAT receive INPUT
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AXONS
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AKA- NERVE FIBERS
LONG, SLENDER PROCESS THAT SENDS IMPULSES TO THE NEXT DENDRITE CAN BE SINGLE OF BRACHED ALL THE SAME DIAMETER BUT MAY VARY IN LENGTH ENDS IN PRESYNAPTIC TERMINAL MOVES PROTEINS BECAUSE NERVES CAN REGENERATE |
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INTERNEURONS
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AKA- ASSOCIATION NEURONS
CONDUCTS ACTION POTENTIAL FROM NEURON TO STRUTURE |
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MULTIPOLAR NEURONS
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MUTILPLE DENDRITES WITH SINGLE AXON
MAJORITY OF CNS & MOTOR NEURONS ARE MUTIPOLAR |
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BIPOLAR NEURONS
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ONE DENDRITE, ONE AXON:
SPECIALIZED |
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UNIPOLAR NEURON
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CELL BODY, ONE PROCESS THAT BECOMES 2 BRACHES TO CNS & PERIPHERY
MOST SENSORY NEURONS ARE UNIPOLAR |
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GLIAL CELLS
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CLEANUP, CSF, MYELIN: FOUR TYPES IN CNS
LIKE THE OSTEOCYTES OF THE BONES |
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NAME THE 4 TYPES OF GLIAL CELLS OF THE CNS
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1- ASTROCYTES
2- EPENDYMAL CELLS 3- MICROGLIA 4- OLIGODENDROCYTES |
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ASTROCYTES
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LOCATED ON THE SURFACE OF BLOOD VESSELS, NEURONS, PIA MAMBRANE
ASSIST WITH RECYLING NEUROTRANSMITTERS RELEASE CHEMIALS TO FORM BLOOD- BRAIN BARRIER PROTECTION FROM TOXIC BLOOD SUBSTANCES, TRANSPORTS NUTRIENT/WASTE REGULATES WHAT PASSES FROM BLOOD TO BRAIN |
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EPENDYMAL CELLS
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LINES BRAIN CAVITIES( VENTRICLES) AND SPINAL CORD
WITH BLOOD VESSELS THEY FORM CHOROIDS PLEXUSES & SECRETE CSF SOME ARE CILITATED WHICH MOVES CSF THROUGH SYSTEM |
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MICROGLIA
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PHAGOCYTIZE IN RESPONSE TO INFLAMMATION
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OLIODENDROCYTES
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HELP FORM MYELIN SHEATHS AROUND AXONS
ELECTRICAL INSULATION WHICH SPEED CONDUCTION CAN FORM AROUND SEVERAL AXONS |
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SCHWANN CELLS
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AKA- NEUROLEMOCYTES
WRAP AROUND PNS TO MAKE MYLELIN FORMS AROUND ONLY PART OF ONE AXON. |
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NODES OF RANVIER
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SMALL GAPS BETWEEN MYELIN SHEATHS WITH RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
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SATELLITE CELLS
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PROVISE SUPPORT, NUTRITION, PROTECTION FROM TOXINS
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NAME THE 2 TYPES OF CELLS OF THE PNS
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1- SWANN CELLS
2- SATELLITE CELLS |
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WHITE MATTER
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BUNDLES OF PARALLEL AXONS WITH MYELIN SHEATHS.
THEY FORM NERVE TRACTS MOVING ACTION POTENIAL WITHIN CNS |
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GRAY MATTER
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GROUPS OF NEURON CELL BODIES WITHOUT MYELIN.
ACTS AS RELAY AREAS IN CNS CENTREL SPINAL CORD AND OUTER BRAIN SURFACE |
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ACTION POTENIAL
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THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS PRODUCED BY CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR HOMEOSTATIS |
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POLARIZED
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POS & NEG CHARGES IN THE MEMBRANE OF NERVES( AND MUSCLE CELLS)
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RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
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WHEN THE INSIDE OF A CELL IS NEGATIVE AND THE OUTSIDE IS POSTIVE.
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DEPOLARIZED
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STIMULUS CAUSES A SMALL AREA TO CHANGE FROM NEG. TO POS.
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TRESHOLD
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THE POINT AT WHICH THE MEMBRANE IS TRIGGERED TO DEPOLARIZE
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ALL- OR NONE PRINCIPLE
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ENTIRE CELL OR NONE AT ALL
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REPOLARIZATION
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PHASE WHERE THE MEMBRANE RESETS ITSELF
ORGINIAL RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL IS RE- ESTABLISHED |
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REFACTORY PERIOD
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TEMP. PERIOD AFTER ACTION POTENTIAL WHEN SENSITIVEITY TO FURTHER STIM DECREASES
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ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD
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COMPLETE INSENSITIVEITY TO ANOTHER STIMULUS
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RELATIVE REFACTORY PERIOD
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OCCURS AFTER ABSOLUTE REFACTORY
A STRONG STIMULUS CAN TRIGGER ANOTHER AP |
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SALTATORY CONDUCTION
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AP JUMPING BETWEEN NODES OF RANVIER
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TYPE A NERVE FIBERS
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LARGE DIAMETER, THICK MYELIN, FASTEST OF ALL
MOST MOTOR AND SENSORY NEURONS SKELETAL NERVES |
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TYPE B NERVE FIBERS
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MEDIUM DIAMETER, LIGHT MYELIN
HEART AND ORGANS PRIMARILY AUTONOMIC SYSTEM |
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TYPE C NERVE FIBER
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SMALL DIAMTER WITHOUT MYELIN
HEART & ORGANS PRIMARILY AUTONOMIC SYSTEM |
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WHEN CAN NERVES REGENERATE
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IF PATH IS UNINTERRUPTED
ONLY IF NERVE HAS NOT BEEN COMPLETLY SEVERED |
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NAME TWO TYPES OF SYNAPSES
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1- ELECTRICAL
2- CHEMICAL |
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SYNAPSE
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JUNCTION WHERE NERVE CELL COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CELLS
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ELECTRICAL SYNAPSE
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TRANSMIT IONIC CURRENT CELL TO CELL BY-WAY OF PROTEIN CONNECTION
FOUND MOSTLY IN THE HEART |
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CHEMICAL SYNAPSE
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MOST COMMON FORM OF CONDUCTION IN NERVOUS SYSTEM.
PRE AND POST SYNAPSE DO NOT TOUCH AP BRIDGES THE GAP CHEMICALLY AND REFORMS ELECTRICALLY ON THE OTHER SIDE |
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SYNAPTIC CLEFT
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GAP BETWEEN SYNAPSES
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PRESYNAPTIC TERMINAL
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THE END OF THE AXON.
AP CAUSES RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTORS |
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POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE
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THE TISSUE BEING INNERVATED
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NAME TWO WAYS NEUROTRANSMITTERS FUNCTION
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1- EXCITATORY
2- INHIBITORY |
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NEUROMUSCLAR JUNCTION
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AREA WHERE NERVES INNERVATE MUSCLE TISSUE
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MOTOR UNIT
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SINGLE NEURON AND ALL THE MUSCLE FIBERS IT INNERVATES
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WHAT PART OF A MUSCLE IS CALLED THE POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE
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SARCOLEMMA
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NEUROMODULATORS
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CHEMICALS CAUSE MORE OR LESS NEUROTRANSMITTERS TO BE RELEASED
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PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION
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NEURMODS DECREASE THE AMOUNTS OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS RELEASED
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PRESYNAPTIC FACILITATION
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NEUROMODS INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS THAT ARE RELEASED
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SPATIAL SUMMATION
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ACTION POTENTIAL FROM MULTIPLE AXONS ARRIVE AT THE SAME TIME
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TEMPORAL SUMMATION
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ACTION POTENTIAL FROM MULTIPLE AXONS ARRIVE ONE AFTER THE OTHER
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NAME THE THREE PATHWAYS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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1- CONVERGENT
2- DIVERGENT 3- OSCILLATING |
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CONVERGENT PATHWAYS
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MANY PRE-NEURONS SYNAPSE- LARGE NUMBER POST0NEURONS
ALLOWS MULTIPLE PARTS OF THE NS TO ACTIVATE OR INHIBIT MOTOR PATTERNS |
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DIVERGENT PATHWAYS
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SMALL NUMBER PRE-NEURONS SYNAPSE- LARGE NUMBER POST- NEURONS
PROMOTES NS EFFICIENCY |
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OSCILLATING CIRCUITS
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NEURONS ARE ARRANGED IN A CIRCLE
PRODCES MULTIPLE AP IN SUCCESSION- TYPE OF POSTIVE FEEDBACK EXAM- INSIPATION,EXPIRATION, SLOW TWITCH MUSCLES |
