Nervous System

Front 1

afferent

Back 1

Carry or move inward or toward a central structure. (travel toward the central nervous system.)

Front 2

blood– brain barrier

Back 2

Protective mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering delicate brain tissue

Front 3

efferent

Back 3

Carry or move away from a central structure (travel away from the central nervous system)

Front 4

limbic system

Back 4

Complex neural system located beneath the cerebrum that controls basic emotions and drives and plays an important role in memory

Front 5

neurilemma

Back 5

Additional external myelin sheath that is formed by Schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system

Front 6

ventricle

Back 6

Organ chamber or cavity that receives or holds fluid

Front 7

Neurons

Back 7

transmit impulses. Dendrites, nuclus and axon

Front 8

myelin

Back 8

protects the axon

Front 9

cell body

Back 9

enlarged structure of the neuron that contains the nucleus of the cell and various organelles. Its branching cytoplasmic projections are dendrites that carry impulses to the cell body and axons that carry impulses from the cell body.

Front 10

central nervous system

Back 10

Contains the brain and spinal cord

Front 11

nucleus

Back 11

The central part of the body

Front 12

dendrites

Back 12

branching cytoplasmic projections, carry impulses to the cell body

Front 13

Axons

Back 13

carry impulses from the cell body.

Front 14

myelin sheath

Back 14

white, lipoid covering

Front 15

Schwann cell

Back 15

myelin sheath is formed by a neuroglial cell

Front 16

neurilemma

Back 16

a thin tube, does not disintegrate after an axon has been crushed or severed, as does the axon and myelin sheath, but remains intact.

Front 17

nodes of Ranvier

Back 17

short, unmyelinated spaces between adjacent segments of the myelin sheath. help speed the transmission of impulses down the axon.

Front 18

synapse

Back 18

The functional connection between two neurons or between a neuron and its effector organ ( muscle or gland) a gap or space

Front 19

Neuroglia

Back 19

cells that support neurons and bind them to other neurons or other tissues of the body.

Front 20

Astrocytes

Back 20

star- shaped neuroglia.

Front 21

Frontal lobe

Back 21

motor, personality, and judgement

Front 22

Parietal

Back 22

sensation

Front 23

temporal lobe

Back 23

auditory function

Front 24

Occipital

Back 24

Vision

Front 25

Insula

Back 25

taste

Front 26

cerebellum

Back 26

second largest structure of the brain,occupies the posterior portion of the skull.( movement and coordination)

Front 27

diencephalon

Back 27

composed of many smaller structures, including the thalamus and the hypothalamus.

Front 28

hypothalamus

Back 28

regulates involuntary activities, such as heart rate, body temperature, and fluid balance. It also controls many endocrine functions.

Front 29

thalamus

Back 29

receives all sensory stimuli except ol-factory and processes and transmits them to the appropriate centers in the cerebral cortex. In ad-dition, the thalamus receives impulses from the cerebrum and relays them to efferent nerves.

Front 30

Brainstem

Back 30

completes the last major section of the brain. It is composed of three structures: the midbrain, the medulla,the pons, or “ bridge,” connecting the midbrain to the medulla. In general, the brainstem is a pathway for impulse conduction between the brain and spinal cord.

Front 31

midbrain

Back 31

separating the cerebrum from the brainstem

Front 32

medulla

Back 32

attaches the spinal cord

Front 33

The pons

Back 33

connecting the midbrain to the medulla.

Front 34

spinal cord

Back 34

transmits sensory impulses from the body to the brain and motor impulses from the brain to muscles and organs of the body.

Front 35

ascending tracts

Back 35

sensory nerve tracts because the direction of the impulse is upward.

Front 36

descending tracts

Back 36

motor nerve tracts they carry impulses in a downward direction to muscles and organs.

Front 37

Meninges

Back 37

The brain and spinal cord receive limited protection from three coverings

Front 38

dura mater

Back 38

outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord. It is tough, fibrous, and dense and composed primarily of connective tissue.

Front 39

arachnoid

Back 39

middle covering and, as its name suggests, has a spider- web appearance. It fits loosely over the underlying structures.

Front 40

pia mater

Back 40

innermost meninx. This membrane directly adheres to the brain and spinal cord.

Front 41

somatic nervous system

Back 41

Motor impulses transmitted to muscles under conscious control ( walking and talking)

Front 42

autonomic nervous system

Back 42

Motor impulses transmitted to glands and muscles not under conscious control ( heart rate, respiration, digestion, pupil diameter, and so forth)

Front 43

sympathetic

Back 43

regulates body activities when an immediate action is required. It increases heart rate, depth of breathing, and muscle strength, preparing the body for “ fight- or- flight” responses.

Front 44

parasympathetic

Back 44

decreases the rate and intensity of these processes. It results in slowing the heart, dilating visceral blood vessels, and an increasing the activity of the digestive tract, preparing the body for “ rest- and- digest” responses.

Front 45

cerebr/ o

Back 45

cerebrum

Front 46

crani/ o

Back 46

cranium

Front 47

encephal/ o

Back 47

brain

Front 48

gangli/ o

Back 48

ganglion ( knot or knotlike

Front 49

gli/ o

Back 49

glue; neuroglial tissue

Front 50

kinesi/ o

Back 50

movement

Front 51

lept/ o

Back 51

thin, slender

Front 52

lex/ o

Back 52

word, phrase

Front 53

mening/ o

Back 53

meninges ( membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

Front 54

myel/ o

Back 54

bone marrow; spinal cord

Front 55

narc/ o

Back 55

stupor; numb-ness; sleep

Front 56

neur/ o

Back 56

nerve

Front 57

radicul/ o

Back 57

nerver root

Front 58

sthen/ o

Back 58

strength

Front 59

thalam/ o

Back 59

thalamus

Front 60

thec/ o

Back 60

sheath ( usually refers to meninges)

Front 61

ton/ o

Back 61

tension

Front 62

ventricul/ o

Back 62

ventricle ( of the heart or brain)

Front 63

asthenia

Back 63

weakness, debility

Front 64

esthesia

Back 64

feeling

Front 65

kinesia

Back 65

movement

Front 66

lepsy

Back 66

seizure

Front 67

paresis

Back 67

partial

Front 68

taxia

Back 68

order, coordination

Front 69

pachy

Back 69

thick

Front 70

para

Back 70

near, beside; beyond

Front 71

syn

Back 71

union, together, joined

Front 72

Cerebrovascular disease

Back 72

caused by disorders of the blood vessels of the brain.(tia and Stroke)

Front 73

Seizure disorder

Back 73

Epilepsy, status epilepticus

Front 74

parkinson disease

Back 74

bradykinesia, dopamine

Front 75

Multiple sclerosis

Back 75

demyelination, autommune- female patients

Front 76

Alzheimer disease

Back 76

plaques, memory loss

Front 77

Mental illness

Back 77

zchizophrenia, depression, OCD, neurotransmitters

Front 78

Oncology

Back 78

Gliomas-primary tumor, metastatic lesions- breast cancer

Front 79

Autism

Back 79

Developmental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and an abnormal absorption in fantasy, usually accompanied by an inability to communicate even on a basic level

Front 80

coma

Back 80

Abnormally deep unconsciousness with an absence of voluntary response to stimuli

Front 81

hydrocephalus

Back 81

Accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure ( ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones

Front 82

spina bifida

Back 82

Congenital deformity of the neural tube (embryonic structure that becomes the fetal brain and spinal cord), which fails to close during fetal development; also called neural tube defect

Front 83

electroencephalography

Back 83

Recording of electrical activity in the brain, whose cells emit distinct pat-terns of rhythmic electrical impulses

Front 84

lumbar puncture

Back 84

Needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids

Front 85

angiography

Back 85

Radiographic image ( angiogram) of the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium; also called arteriography

Front 86

myelography

Back 86

Radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors following injection of a contrast medium

Front 87

thalamotomy

Back 87

Partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain; involuntary movements, including tremors in Parkinson disease; or emotional disturbances

Front 88

tractotomy

Back 88

Transection of a nerve tract in the brain stem or spinal cord

Front 89

trephination

Back 89

Technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

Front 90

Vagotomy

Back 90

surgical procedure that involves resection of the vagus nerve

Front 91

Anesthetics

Back 91

Produce partial or complete loss of sensation, with or without loss of consciousness

Front 92

anticonvulsants

Back 92

Prevent uncontrolled neuron activity associated with seizures by altering electrical transmission along neurons or altering the chemical composition of neurotransmitters; also called antiepileptics

Front 93

antidepressants

Back 93

Treat multiple symptoms of depression by in-creasing levels of specific neurotransmitters

Front 94

antipsychotics

Back 94

Treat psychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the limbic system ( group of brain structures), which controls emotions

Front 95

AD

Back 95

Alzheimer disease

Front 96

ADHD

Back 96

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Front 97

CT

Back 97

computed tomography

Front 98

EEG

Back 98

electroencephalography

Front 99

MRI

Back 99

magnetic source imaging

Front 100

PNS

Back 100

peripheral nervous system

Front 101

TIA

Back 101

transient ischemic attack