Nervous System

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blood-brain barrier

Back 1

Mechanism that blocks specific substances found in the bloodstream from entering the brain

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cell body

Back 2

Division of a neuron that includes the nucleus, cell organelles, and surrounding cytoplasm, but does not include the axon or dendrites

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motor neuron

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Physiological change transmitted trhough certain tissues, specially nerve fibers and muscles, resulting in activity or inhibition

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neurology

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Branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and tratment of disorders of the nervous system

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neurotransmitter

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Chemical substance that transmits or inhibits nerve impulses at a synapse

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organelle

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Cytoplasm structure that provides specialized function for the cell

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psychiatry

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Branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders

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sensory neuron

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Neuron that transmits impulses from receptors in the skin, sense organs, and internal organs to the central nervous system (brain or spinal chord); also calles afferent neuron

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synapse

Back 9

Junction where a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell

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cerebr/o

Back 10

cerebrum
cerebr/o/tomy: incision of the cerebrum

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crani/o

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cranium(skull)
crani/o/malacia: softening of the cranial bones

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dendr/o

Back 12

tree
dendr/oid: resembling a branching tree such as cytoplasmic branches of a neuron

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encephal/o

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brain
encephal/0/cele: herniation of the brain

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gangli/o

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ganglion(knot or knotlike mass)
gangli/ectomy: excision of a ganglion

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gli/o

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glue;neuroglial tissue
gli/oma: tumor composed of neurological or supporting tissue of the nervous system

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lex/o

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word/phrase
dys/lex/ia: difficulty using and interpreting written forms of communication

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kinesi/o

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movement
brady/kinesia: slow movement

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lept/o

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thin,slender
lept/o/mening/o/pathy: disease of the leptomeninges

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mening/o

Back 19

meninges(membranes covering brain and spinal cord)
mening/o/cele: herniatin of the meninges through skull or spinal column

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meningi/o

Back 20

meningi/oma: slow-growing tumor that originates in the meninges

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myle/o

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bone marrow; spinal cord
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

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narc/o

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stupor numbness;sleep
narc/o/tic: relating to or producing stupor or sleep

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neur/o

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nerve
neur/o/lysis: loosening of adhesions surrounding a nerve

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sthen/o

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strength
hyper/sthen/ia: abnormal strength with excessive tension in all parts of the body

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radicul/o

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nerve root
radicul/algia: pain in the nerve roots

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thec/o

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sheath(usually refers ti meninges)
intra/thec/al: pertaining to the space within a sheath,especially in the meninges

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thalam/o

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thalamus
thalam/o/tomy: incision of the thalamus to treat intractable pain or psychoses

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ton/o

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tension
dys/ton/ia: any abnormality in muscle tone

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ventricul/o

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ventricle(of heart or brain)
ventricul/o/metry: measurement of intraventricular cerebral pressure

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algesia

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pain
an/algesia: abscence of a normal sense of pain

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algia

Back 31

pain
syn/algia: referred pain

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asthenia

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weakness,debility
my/asthenia: muscular weakness and abnormal fatigue

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esthesia

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feeling
hyper/esthesia:
increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as pain and touch

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kinesia

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movement
hyper/kinesia: increased muscular movement and physical activity

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lepsy

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seizure
epi/lepsy: any disorder characterized by recurrent seizures

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paresis

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partial paralysis
hemi/paresis: paralysis of one side of the body; also called hemiplegia

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phasia

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speech
a/phasia: impairment in the ability to communicate through speech,writing, or signs because of brain dysfunction

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plegia

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paralysis
quadri/plegia: paralysis of all four extremities

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plexy

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stroke
cata/plexy: sudden, brief loss of the muscle control that commonly results in collapse

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taxia

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order,coordination
a/taxia: defective muscle coordination,especially when voluntary movements are attempted

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trophy

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development,nourshiment
disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism

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contra

Back 42

against
contra/later/al: pertaining to opposite sides
later: side, to one side
~al: pertaining to, relating to

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pachy

Back 43

thick
pachy/mening/itis: inflammation of the dura matter
mening: meniges (membranes covering brain & spinal cord)
~itis: inflammation

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para

Back 44

near,beside,beyond
para/plegia: paralysis of the lower part of the body and both legs
~plegia: paralysis

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syn

Back 45

union, together,joined
syn/esthesia: stimulation of one sense that causes a perception in one or more different senses
~estesia: feeling

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uni

Back 46

one
uni/later/al: pertaining to or affecting only one side
later: side, to one side
~al: pertaining to, relating to

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agnosia

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inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spacial, olfactory or other sensations
a-: without
gnos: knowing
-ia: condition

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asthenia

Back 48

weakness, debility or loss

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ataxia

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Lack of muscle

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aura

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premonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder; sensation that precedes seizures

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autism

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mental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and an abnormal absorption in fantasy usually accompanied by an inability to communicate

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cerebral palsy

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self limiting paralysis due

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clonic spasm

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alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles

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closed head trauma

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injury to the head in which the drua mater remains intact and brain tissue

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coma

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abnormally deep unconciousness with absence of voluntary rsponse to stimuli

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dementia

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broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, inclding memeory impairment

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dyslexia

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inability to learn and process written language despite adquate intelligence

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guillain-barre syndrome

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conditionof actue plyneuritis with progressive muscle weakness in extremeties

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herpes zoster

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painful, acute infectous disease of the posterior

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Hunting chorea

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inherited disease of the CNS

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Hydrocephalus

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accumulation of fluid on the brain

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lethargy

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abnormal activity or lack of repsonse to normal stimuli

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neurosis

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unconscious conflict that produces anxiety and othe rsyptoms and leads to maladaptive

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psychosis

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major emotional disorder where contact with reality is lost to point that the individual is incapable of meeting

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paraestthesia

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sensationof numbness, prickling, ingling, or heightened sensitivity

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poliomyelitis

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inflammation of the gray matter of thed spinsal cord caused by avirus

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quadriplegia

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paralysis of all four extremeties and usually the trunk

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reye syndrome

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actue encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the brain, liver and possibly the pancreas in children younger than 15 with a viral infection

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sciatica

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severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve fel at the baseof the spine

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syncope

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temporary loss of consciousness ude to the sudden decline of blood flow to the brain; also called fainting

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trephination

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technique that cuts a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

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vagotomy

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interruption of the function of the vagus nerve to relieve peptic ulcer

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AD

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Alzheimers Disease

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ALS

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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; also called Lou Gehrig

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ANS

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autonomic nervous system

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BEAM

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brain electrical activity mapping

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CNS

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central nervous system

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CP

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cerebral palsy

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CSF

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cerebrospinal fluid

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CT scan

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computed tomography scan

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CVA

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cerebral vascual accident

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electroencephalogram;

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EEG

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ICP

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intracranial pressure

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LOC

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loss of consciousness

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LP

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lumbar puncture

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MEG

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magnetoencephalography

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MRA

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magnetic resonance angiogram

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MRI

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magnetic resonance imaging

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MS

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musculoskletal; multiple schlerosis

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NCV

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nerve conduction velocity

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PET

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positron emission tomography