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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the CNS?
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central nervous system; contains the brain and spinal cord
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What is the PNS?
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peripheral nervous system; contains cranial and spinal nerves
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What is CSF?
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cerebrospinal fluid; cushions and protects nervous tissue
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what is the myelin sheath?
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schwann cells covering the axon of a nerve cell
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nerve cell process that carries nerve impulse toward cell body
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dendrite
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nerve fibers that carry impulses to CNS from PNS
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sensory division
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nerve fibers that carry impulses from CNS to effector organs, muscles, and glands
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motor division
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voluntary nervous system
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somatic
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involuntary nervous system
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autonomic
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fight or flight aspect of the ANS
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sympathetic
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aspect of the ANS controlling digestion and excretion
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parasympathetic
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supporting cells in the CNS
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neuroglia
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glia that provide blood-brain barrier
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astrocytes
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phagocytes that dispose of debris
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microglia
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glia that protect the cell body
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satellite cells
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metabolic center of the neuron
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cell body
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generate nerve impulses and conduct them away from cell body
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axon
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branches at end of axon that release neurotransmitters
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axonal terminals
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gap between neurons
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synaptic cleft
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gaps between schwann cells
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nodes of Ranvier
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collections of cell bodies found outside the CNS
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ganglia
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white matter
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dense collections of myelinated nerve fibers
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grey matter
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mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies
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nerves that connect motor and sensory neurons in neural pathways
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interneurons
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structural classifications of neurons
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unipolar, bipolar, multipolar
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plasma membrane of a neuron
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sarcolemma
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what makes a resting neuron polarizied?
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fewer positive ions on the inner face than on the outer face of the sarcolemma
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autonomic reflexes
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regulate smooth muscles, heart, and glands
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somatic reflexes
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stimulate skeletal muscles
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Most reflexes originate in the _____.
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spinal cord
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cranial nerve that carries impulses for the sense of smell
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olfactory
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cranial nerve that carries impulses for vision
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optic
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cranial nerve that carries impulses that direct eyeball
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oculomotor
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cranial nerve that carries impulses for superior oblique eye muscle
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trochlear
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cranial nerve that carries impulses from skin of face and mucosa of mouth and nose
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trigemal
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cranial nerve that supplies motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle that rolls the eye laterally
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abducens
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cranial nerve that activates facial expressions
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facial
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cranial nerve that carries impulses for hearing and balance
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vestibulocochlear
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cranial nerve that supplies motor fibers for swallowing
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vagus
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cranial nerve that supplies motor fibers that activate sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
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accesssory
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supplies motor fibers that control tongue movements
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hypoglossal
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deep grooves that seperate larger regions of brain
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fissures
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_____ divide cerebral hemispheres into ____.
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Sulci, lobes
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four cerebral hemphere lobes
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frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal
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outermost grey matter of brain
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cerebral cortex
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brain area that rests on top of brain stem, enclosed by cerebral hemispheres
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diencephalon
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major structures of diencephalon
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thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
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relay station for impulses passing upward to sensory cortex
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thalamus
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area of diencephalon that helps regulate ANS
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hypothalamus
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area of diencephalon that contains pineal gland
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epithalamus
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major areas of brain stem
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midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
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area of brain stem that controls heart rate, blood pressure, vomiting
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medulla oblongata
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area of brain stem that regulates breathing
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pons
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area of brain stem containing reflex centers for vision and hearing
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midbrain
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area of brain that controls balance and equalibrium
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cerebellum
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three connective tissue membranes covering CNS
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meninges
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slight brain injury
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concussion
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brain injury with marked tissue damage
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contusion
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inflammation response to a brain injury
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cerebral edema
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stroke
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CVA; cerebralvascular accident
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