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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central Nervous System
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Brain, Spinal Cord
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Peripheral Nervous System
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Nerves
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Functions of the Nervous Sytem
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Sensory, Integration, Motor
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Neuron
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Conducting cell
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Neuroglial
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Cell that supports the Neuron
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Multipolar Neuron
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Many dendrites, found in neurons whose cell bodies are located within CNS
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Bipolar Neuron
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Found within eyes / ears
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Unipolar Neuron
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Found in Neurons whose cell bodies lie outside CNS
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Sensory Neurons
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Afferent, impulses travel toward CNS from a sensory receptor, mostly unipolar in structure
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Interneuron
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Integration, train station for signals, found in CNS, most multipolar in structure
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Motor Neurons
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Efferent, carry impulses toward effectors (muscles or glands)
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Schwaan Cell
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Forms myelin sheath in PNS, wraps axon, neuroglial cell
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Multiple Sclerosis
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Formation of myelin sheath is disrupted
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Oligodendrocyte
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Form myelin sheath in CNS (equivalent of Schwaan Cell in PNS), neuroglial cell
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Astrocyte
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Attach neurons to their supporting blood vessels, neuroglial cell
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Microglia
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Engulfs foreign particles / debris, neuroglial cell
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Ependyma
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Line cavities in brain and spinal cord, (looks like cuboidal epithelium), neuroglial cell
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Brain's weight
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3 lbs
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Neurons in brain (#)
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100 billion
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Meninges
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Protective covering for the brain, Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Pia Mater
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Dura Mater
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Tough mother, outermost, adheres to cranial bones
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Arachnoid
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Middle layer meninge
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Pia Mater
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Delicate mother, innermost, attached to surface of brain
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Subarachnoid space
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Contains cerebro spinal fluid
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Meningitis
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Inflammation of the meninges
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Bacterial Meningitis
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Inflammation of the meninges from bacterial infection, can be fatal within days
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Symptoms of Meningitis
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Photo phobia, stiff neck, headache, fever, changes in mental status
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Functions of the Brain
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Interpret sensations, issue motor commands, coordinate muscle movement, regulate visceral activities (heart rate etc.), higher mental functions (learning, memory, reasoning)
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3-4th week of brain development
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Neural plate - flat sheet of cells
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Plate folds into neural tube with 4 major parts of CNS
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Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord
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Forebrain
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Cerebrum, basal ganglia, diencephelon
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Midbrain
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Inferior / superior coliculus
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Hindbrain
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Pons, medulla, cerebellum
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Ventricle
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Cavity in brain, contains and circulates CSF
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Hydrocephalus
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A condition when CSF is unable to circulate due to a blockage, (enlarged head)
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Choroid Plexuses
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Secrete CSF
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Cerebrum
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Large part of brain
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Central Sulcus
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Seperates frontal / parietal lobes
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Lateral Sulcus
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Seperates temporal / parietal lobes
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Cortex
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Bark, gray matter, contains 75% of all neuron cell bodies in CNS, 1/4" thick
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Cerebrum functions
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Initiate muscular movement, Interpreting sensory impulses, stores memories, reasoning and intelligence, personality
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Cortex Motor Area
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Strip of cortex anterior to central sulcus, frontal lobe
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Brocca's Area
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Section of motor cortex responsible for movements related to speech
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Sensory Area
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Interpret sensory input, parietal lobe just posterior to central sulcus, cortex
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Occipital Lobe
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Interprets sensation from sight, allows person to combine sensory info. with memory to recognize people, cortex
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Temporal Lobe
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Interprets sensations of hearing, cortex
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Medulla
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Major nerve tracts cross here
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Association Areas (cortex)
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Memory, judgement, emotion, intelligence
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Frontal Lobe (Cortex)
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Controls behavior, judgement
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Phineus Gage
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1848 - tool went through eye damaging frontal lobe, lived but affected behavior, discovery of the function of frontal lobe
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Various Lobes
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Process thoughts
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Left Hemisphere dominance
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Language, speech writing, reading, (Academic)
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Right Hemisphere dominance
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Non-verbal functions, artistic, spacial, creative (Artistic)
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Corpus Collosum
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Connects hemispheres
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Split brain experiments
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Tests performed on patients whose corpus collosum had been cut
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Basal Ganglia
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Grey matter within the cerebral hemisphere, relay station for motor impulses ... includes ... caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
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Parkinson's Disease
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Disorder of basal ganglia, deficiency of dopamine
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Diencephalon
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Surrounds 3rd ventricle includes .... thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, optic nerves, pituitary gland
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Thalamus
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Relay station for sensory impulses
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Hypothalamus
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Below thalamus - regulates visceral activities in order to maintain homeostasis
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Limbic System
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Controls emotional responses, increase survival
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Midbrain
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Cerebral aquaduct, peduncles - motor pathways etc.
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Pons (Hindbrain)
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Relays impulses to and from medulla oblongata and cerebrum,and between cerebrum and cerebellum
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Medulla Oblongata
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Where many nerve tracts cross
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Cerebellum
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Coordinates movement of skeletal muscles
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Cervical Enlargement
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Gives off nerves to upper extremity from spinal cord
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Lumbar Enlargement
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Gives off nerves to lower extremity from spinal cord
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Cerebral Lobes
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Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula
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