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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Divisons based upon (blank) or (blank) characteristics.
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Anatomical, functional
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Structurally the nervous system is divided into the (blank) and (blank).
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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What does the CNS consist of?
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Brain, spinal cord
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What Cavity is the CNS in?
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Dorsal Cavity
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What cavity is the brian in?
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Cranial Cavity
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The spinal cord is housed in what?
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Vertebral Foramen
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CNS is the (blank) and (blank) and receives (blank) input from the (blank).
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integrative, control center, sensory, PNS
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What are the functions of the Nervous system?
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Sensory input, Integration function, motor function
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Sensory Input
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gathering function that orients the body to its internal and external environments.
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Integration Function
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assimilates and processes the sensory input from current and past experiences in the form of memory, learning, and intelligence.
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Motor Function
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form of organized and coordinated motor output in response to the sensory input which has been integrated and acted upon.
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PNS
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Pathways of nerve fibers that branch from the CNS to the other structures within the body.
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How many Cranial Nerves?
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12
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How many Spinal Nerves
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31: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
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What are the functional divisions of the PNS?
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Somatic, Autonomic, Enteric
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Somatic Nervous System
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Consist of sensory and motor neurons.
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Sensory Neurons
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Give information to the CNS from from the somatic and special sensory receptors mostly in the head, bodywall, and limbs.
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Motor Neurons
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Control skeletal muscle impulses
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Autonomic Nervous System
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Controls the non voluntary functions. i.e. smooth and cardiac muscle. Divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
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Enteric Nervous System
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Controls the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with sensory and motor neurons.
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Cranial nerves are numbered (blank) to (blank) in order in which they leave the brain.
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superior, inferior
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I
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Name: Olfactory
Foramen: Olfactory foramen of ethmoid bone. Type: Sensory Function: Sense of Smell |
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II
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Name: Optic
Foramen: Optic Canal of Sphenoid Type: Sensory Function: Sense of vision |
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III
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Name: Oculomotor
Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure. Type: Motor Function: movement of eyes and eyelids, focus the eyes. |
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IV
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Name: Trochlear
Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure Type: Motor Function: Move eye down and lateral |
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V
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Name: Trigeminal
Type: Mixed |
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Ophthalmic Division of Trigeminal Nerve
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Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure
Type: Sensory Function: Sense skin of nose, forehead, scalp, and cornea |
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Maxillary Division
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Foramen: Foramen Rotundum of Sphenoid
Type: Sensory Function: Sense skin of nose, upper lip, gums, teeth, and cheek |
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Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve
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Foramen: Foramen Ovale
Type: Mixed Function: Sensory-sense from tongue, lower lip, cums, teeth cheek. Motor - muscles of Mastication. |
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VI
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Name: Abducens
Foramen: Superior Orbital Fissure Type: Motor Function: Medial to lateral eye movement. |
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VII
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Name: Facial
Foramen: Stylomastoid Foramen of the temporal and internal acoustic meatus Type: Mixed Fuction: Sensory-sense taste of anterior 2/3 of the togue, nasal and palatal sensation. Motor-muscles of facial expression, lacrimal and salivary glands. |
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VIII
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Name: Vestibulocochlear
Foramen: Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone. Type: Sensory Function: Sense of hearing and equilibrium |
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IX
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Name: Glossopharyngeal
Foramen: Jugular Foramen of Occipital Type: Mixed Function: Sensory-sense tast of posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, tonsils, and carotid arteries. Motor-controls muscles of pharynx used in swallowing. |
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X
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Name: Vagus
Foramen: Jugular Foramen of Occipital bone Type: mixed Function: Sensory-sense pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and visceral organs. Motor-control muscles of speech and swallowing, autonomic motor fibers to the heart, smooth muscles and glands in the thorax |
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XI
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Name: Accessory
Foramen: Jugular Foramen of Occipital bone. Type: motor Function: control of muscles of pharynx, larynx, and soft palate and upper back and neck. |
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XII
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Name: Hypoglossal
Foramen: Hypoglossal canal of occipital bone. Type: motor Function: muscles of the tongue |
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All except the (blank) exit the vertebral canal.
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first
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First pair of nerves leaves between the (blank) and (blank) and is called the (blank).
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Occipital bone, atlas, suboccipital nerve
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C2 - C7 emerge
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above the vertebrae for which it is named.
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C8 emerges
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between c& and T1
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T1 - T12, L1 - L5, S1 - S5, and Coccygeal emerge
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below the vertebrae for which it is named
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Spinal nerves are formed from the union of (blank) and (blank) roots of the spinal cord.
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Ventral motor, Dorsal motor
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Dorsal Root Ganglion
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enlargement where cell bodies of sensory neurons are located.
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The spinal nerves are divided into (blank).
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Dorsal and Ventral ramus
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Ventral Rami
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cervical, lumbar and sacral regions unite to form the plexuses that supply the skin, muscles and joints of the upper and lower extremities.
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Cervical Plexus
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Formed from the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves. Supplies muscles and skin of neck and upper shoulder, and partially innervates the diaphram
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Brachial Plexus
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Formed from the ventral rami of the last four cervical nerves and the first thoracic nerves. Divided into ventral rami, trunks, division, cords and branches
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Superior Trunk
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Formed from C5 and C6
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Dorsal Scapular
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Branches off C5
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Nerve to Subclavius
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Branches off Superior Trunk
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Supracapular
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Comes off the superior trunk
Innervates Supraspinatus & Infraspinatus |
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Anterior Division of Superior Trunk
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Combines with the anterior division of the Middle trunk to make Lateral cord
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Posterior Division of Superior Trunk
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Combines with the Middle and Inferior posterior divisions of the the trunk to make the posterior cord
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Middle Trunk
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Formed from the C7 ventral rami
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Anterior Division of the Middle Trunk
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Combines with the anterior division of the superior trunk to form the lateral cord
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Posterior Division of the Middle trunk
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Combines with the Posterior divisions of the Superior and Inferior trunks to make the posterior cord
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Inferior Trunk
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Formed from C8 and T1
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Posterior division of the Inferior trunk
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Combines with the posterior divisions of the middle and superior trunks to form the posterior cord
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Lateral cord
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Formed from the anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks
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Posterior cord
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Formed from all three posterior divisions of the trunk
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Medial cord
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Formed from the anterior division of the inferior trunk
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Lateral Pectoral
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Comes from the lateral cord and innervates the Pectorallis major
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Musculocutaneous
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Comes from the lateral cord and innervates elbow flexors
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Branch of c7 going to Ulnar
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Connects lateral cord to the Ulnar nerve. Common anomaly.
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Lateral Cord contribution to median nerve
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connects the lateral cord to the median nerve
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Upper Subscapular
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Comes from the Posterior cord and innervates the subscapularis
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Thoracodorsal
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In between the Upper and lower subscapular, comes from Posterior Cord and innervates the Latissimus Dorsi.
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Lower Subscapular
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Comes from the Posterior cord and innervates the subscapularis and teres major
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Axillary
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Comes from the posterior cord and innervates the deltoids and teres major
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Radial nerve
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Comes from the the posterior cord and innervates elbow, wrist and finger extensors and supinators
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Medial cord
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Formed from the anterior division of the inferior trunk
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Lateral Pectoral
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Comes from the lateral cord and innervates the Pectorallis major
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Musculocutaneous
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Comes from the lateral cord and innervates elbow flexors
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Branch of c7 going to Ulnar
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Connects lateral cord to the Ulnar nerve. Common anomaly.
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Lateral Cord contribution to median nerve
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connects the lateral cord to the median nerve
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Upper Subscapular
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Comes from the Posterior cord and innervates the subscapularis
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Thoracodorsal
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In between the Upper and lower subscapular, comes from Posterior Cord and innervates the Latissimus Dorsi.
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Lower Subscapular
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Comes from the Posterior cord and innervates the subscapularis and teres major
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Axillary
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Comes from the posterior cord and innervates the deltoids and teres major
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Radial nerve
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Comes from the the posterior cord and innervates elbow, wrist and finger extensors and supinators
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Medial Pectoral
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Comes from the Medial cord and innervates the pectoralis minor
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Medial Brachial Cutaneous
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Comes from the Medial cord and innervates medial skin in above elbow
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Medial Antebrachial cutaneous
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Comes from medial cord and innervates medial skin below the elbow
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Median Nerve
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Comes from the medial cord with contribution from lateral cord. Innervates wrist and Finger flexors, pronators. Center of hand
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Ulnar Nerve
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Comes from Medial cord and innervates most hand intrinsics. The medial side of hand.
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Long Thoracic
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Formed from C5, C6, and C7. Innervates the Serratus Anterior
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Phrenic
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Comes from C3, C4, C5 to innervate the diaphragm
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Lateral Brachial Cutaneous
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Comes from auxiliary nerve to innervate the upper arm skin.
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Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous
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Comes from the Musculocutaneous to innervate the lower arm skin.
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Posterior Brachial cutaneous nerve
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Comes from the radial nerve and innervates the posterior upper arm.
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Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve
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Comes from the radial nerve to innervate the lower arm skin
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Superficial radial nerve
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Comes from radial nerve and stays close to skin
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Deep radial nerve
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Comes from radial nerve and goes deep.
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Subcostal nerve
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From T12 ventral rami
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Ilioinguinal
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From L1
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Innervates skin of the upper medial thigh, and external genitalia, muscles of lower abdominal wall
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Iliohypogastric
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From T12 and L1
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Innervates skin and muscles of the lower back, hip and lower abdomen
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Genitofemoral
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From L1 and L2
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Innervates skin of the upper anterior thigh and external genitalia
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Femoral
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From L2, L3, and L4
Runs anterior and turns into the Saphenous in upper thigh |
Innervates Kin of the anterior, medial surface of the thigh, through the anterior femoral cutaneous, sartorius, iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris, pectineus
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Superior Gluteal
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From L4, L5, S1
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Innervates the Gluteus minimus, Gluteus medius, tensor faciae latae
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Obturator
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From L2, L3, and L4
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Innervates skin circular area of the medial thigh above knee, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus obturator externus
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Common Fibular (Peroneal)
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Comes from L4, L5, S1, S2
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Innervates skin around lateral knee
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Tibial
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From L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
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Innervates gastrocnemius soleus, plantaris, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, popliteus, skin of plantar surface of heel
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Sciatic
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L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
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Innervates Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus (hamstrings)
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Posterior Femoral Cutaneous
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From S1, S2, S3
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Innervates Posterior surfcase of buttock , thigh and lower leg, perineum
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Pudendal
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From S2, S3, S4
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Innervates skin of perineum, external genitalia, muscles of perineum
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Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
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From L2, L3
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Innervates skin of lateral thigh
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Sural
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From the combination of the medial and lateral sural.
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Innervates skin of the posterior leg
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Medial and Lateral Plantar
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From Tibial nerve
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Innervates Intrinsic muscles of the foot, skin of sole of foot
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Deep Fibular
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Innervates Fibularis Tertius, Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis, skin of the web space between the greate toe on dorsum of foot
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Superficial Fibular
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Innervates fibularis brevis, fibularis longus, skin of the anterior surface of the leg and the foot.
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Saphenous
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L2, L3, L4
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Innervates skin of medial lower leg
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Nerve to Quadratus Femoris and Gemellus Inferior
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L4, L5, S1
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Innervates quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior
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Nerve to Obturator Internus and Gemellus Superior
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L5, S1, S2
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Innervates obturator inturnus and gemellus superior
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Nerve to Piriformis
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S1, S2
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Innervates piriformis
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Inferior Gluteal
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L5, S1, S2
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Innervates gluteus maximus
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Lumbar Plexus
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Formed from ventral rami of the L1- L4
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Supply lower abdomen, anterior and medial portions of the lower extremity
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Saphenous
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Largest and longest femoral cutaneous branch
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Deep External Rotators
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PQGOGO
Piriformis, Quadratus femorus, Gemellus superior, obturator internus, Gemellus infereior, Obturator externus |
All except Obturator externus is suppled from the sacral plexus. Obturtor externus is supplied by the lumbar plexus.
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Sacral Plexus
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Formed from L4, L5, S1 - S4
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Supplies lowerback, pelvis, and posterior surface of thigh, leg dorsal and plantar surfaces of foot
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Cutaneous Innervation
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Sensory inneration from the skin
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Dermatomes or Segmental inneration
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Inervation by dorsal and ventral rami.
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i.e. T4 nipple line
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Sclerotomes
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Innervation to the bone or fascia by nerve root
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Myotomes
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Innervation to muscle by a nerve root
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Peripheral nerves
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Innervation according to peripheral nerves
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i.e. web space of the thumb on the dorsum of the hand is innervated by the radial nerve
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Autonomic Nervous System
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Part of efferent division of peripheral nervous system, mostly involuntary
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regulates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, blood vessels and glands
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Preganglionic neurons
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have cell bodies in CNS
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Postganglionic neurons
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synapse with preganglionic neurons and travel to various effectors
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Sympathetic Division of ANS
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Located in lateral horns of gray mater of the spinal cord from T1 to L2
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Often called the thoracolumbar division
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Chain ganglia
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longitudinal pathways on both sides fo the vertebrae along its entire length just beneath the parietal pleura
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White rami communicants
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short pathway between the ventral rami and the chain ganlia
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they are myelinated
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How many ways can the preganglionic neurons travel?
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3
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Synapse at the same level
Go up or down the chain ganglion Pass through the chain without synapsing |
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Gray rami communicants
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structure back to the spinal cord is unmyelinated
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all spinal nerves have gray rami communicants
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What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
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Prepares a person for strenous physical exertion
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Responses could include increased heart rate, dilation of bronchi of lungs, etc.
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Parasympathetic Division of the ANS
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Located in the nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and gray matter of the lateral horns of S2 through S4 sacral segments of the spinal cord
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Supplies cranial region to viscera of the head, thorax, and abdomen
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How much does the vagus nerve carry of the parasympathetic fibers?
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75%
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Function of Parasympathetic nervous system
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maintaining bodily funciton sunder normal conditions
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rest-repose system
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What is the average regeneration rate of nerves?
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1.5 mm per day
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