Nerves Test- Anat - Brain

Front 1

parts of midbrain

Back 1

substantia nigra, red nucleus

Front 2

cranial nerves in midbrian

Back 2

III-IV

Front 3

red nucleus

Back 3

-part of midbrain
-helps control voluntary movement of the limbs

Front 4

substantia nigra

Back 4

-part of midbrain
-large area with dark pigments
-helps control subconcious muscle activities
-damage to this part associated w/parkinsons

Front 5

biggest part of brain

Back 5

cerebrum

Front 6

2nd biggest part of brain

Back 6

cerebellum

Front 7

parts of brain stem

Back 7

-is the continuation of the spinal cord
- contains mendulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

Front 8

parts of diancephalon

Back 8

hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus

Front 9

protective covering of the brain

Back 9

cranium

Front 10

parts of cranial meninges

Back 10

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Front 11

3 extensions of the dura mater

Back 11

separate the parts of the brain:
1) falx cerebri
2) falx cerebelli
3) tentorium cerebellum: separates the cerebrellum from the cerebrum

Front 12

how blood gets carried to the brain

Back 12

internal carotid & vertebral arteries

Front 13

how blood gets carried out of the brain

Back 13

internal jugular veins

Front 14

protects brain from harmful substances

Back 14

blood brain barrier (BBB)

Front 15

lateral ventricles

Back 15

cerebral hemispheres

Front 16

fourth ventricle

Back 16

brains stem & cerebellum

Front 17

third ventricle

Back 17

diencephalon

Front 18

cerebral aqueduct

Back 18

midbrain

Front 19

choroid pexuses

Back 19

network of capillaries in the walls of ventricles

Front 20

ependymal cells

Back 20

line ventricles

Front 21

how CSF is made

Back 21

plasma is drawn from the choroid plexuses through the ependysmal cells to the ventricles to produce CSF

Front 22

arachnoid villi

Back 22

how CSF is reabsorbed into the blood

Front 23

circulation of CSF

Back 23

lateral ventricles -> interventricular foramina -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> subarachnoid space/central canal

Front 24

pyramids

Back 24

bulges on the anterior aspect of the mendulla
-formed by the large corticospinal tracts that pass from the cerebrum to the spinal cord
-common site for decussation of descending and ascending tracts

Front 25

vital centers of medulla oblongata

Back 25

respiratory center & cardiovascular center

Front 26

other stuff about mendulla oblongata

Back 26

-minor centers = vomiting, hiccuping, sneezing, swallowing and coughing
-has five pairs of cranial nerves: 8-12
-has part of fourth ventricle

Front 27

midbrain

Back 27

(aka mesencephalon)
-extends from pons to diancephalon
-has part of cerebral aqueduct

Front 28

cerebral peduncles

Back 28

-in the midbrain
-axons of the corticospinal, corticopontine and corticobulbar tracts

Front 29

tectum

Back 29

-in the bidbrain
-situated posteriorly and has 4 rounded elevations: 2 superior (superior colliculli) and 2 inferior (inferior colliculi)

Front 30

reticular formation

Back 30

-from upper part of spinal cord, throughout brainstem, and into lower part of diencephalon
-contains RAS

Front 31

RAS

Back 31

-part of reticular formation; stands for reticular activating system
-consists of sensory axons that project to the cerebral cortex
-RAS helps maintain consciousness

Front 32

vermis

Back 32

centrally constricted area of cerebellum

Front 33

flocculondular lobe

Back 33

-located on inferior side of cerebellum
-contributes to equilibrium and balance

Front 34

cerebellum

Back 34

-contains vermis and flocculondular lobe
-anterior and posterior lobes control subconscious aspects of skeletal movements

Front 35

cerebellar cortex

Back 35

grey matter in the form of parallel folds called folia

Front 36

arbor vitae

Back 36

-tracts of white matter
-located in cerebellar cortex or cerebellum

Front 37

cerebellar peduncles

Back 37

attaches cerebellum to brain stem
-3 pairs: superior, middle, and inferior

Front 38

functions of cerebellum

Back 38

regulate posture, coordinate movements, and balance

Front 39

thalamus

Back 39

-intermediate mass
-several nuclei
-major relay station for most sensory impulses

Front 40

hypothalamus

Back 40

-inferior to thalamus
-consists of mammillary body,
median eminence,
infundibulum, and
number of nuclei

Front 41

functions of hypothalamus

Back 41

-control of the ANS
-production of hormones
-regulation of emotional and some behavioral patterns, eating and drinking, body temperature.

Front 42

epithalamus

Back 42

Small region superior to the thalamus.
-Consists of Pineal gland which secretes a hormone called melatonin.
-Melatonin induces sleep, controls circadian rhythms.

Front 43

cerebrum

Back 43

"seat of intelligence"
-grey matter - cerebral cortex
-has gyri, sulci, longitudinal fissure & cerebral hemispheres

Front 44

four lobes of cerebrum

Back 44

-temporal, parietal, frontal, occipital

Front 45

central sulcus

Back 45

separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe

Front 46

precentral gyrus

Back 46

primary motor area

Front 47

postcentral gyrus

Back 47

primary somatosensory area

Front 48

where postcentral and precentral gyruses are found

Back 48

cerebrum

Front 49

cerebral white matter

Back 49

-Commissural tracts
-Corpus callosum
-Association tracts
-Projection tracts

Front 50

basal ganglia

Back 50

Three nuclei deep within each cerebral hemisphere
-globuspallidus,
-putamen
-caudate nucleus.
-Help initiate and terminate movements, suppress unwanted movements and regulate muscle tone.

Front 51

limbic system

Back 51

-A ring of structures on the inner border of the cerebrum and floor of the diencephalon.
-Includes cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, amygdala, mammillary bodies, thalamus, and the olfactory bulb.
-emotional brain
-Also involved in olfaction and memory.

Front 52

primary somatosensory area

Back 52

postcentral gyrus

Front 53

primary visual area

Back 53

occipital lobe

Front 54

primary auditory area

Back 54

temporal lobe

Front 55

primary gustatory center

Back 55

base of postcentral gyrus

Front 56

primary olfactory center

Back 56

temporal lobe

Front 57

primary motor area

Back 57

precentral gyrus

Front 58

location of Broca's speech area

Back 58

left cerebral hemisphere

Front 59

wernicke's area

Back 59

left temporal and parietal lobes

Front 60

auditorial association area

Back 60

temporal lobe

Front 61

somatosensory association area

Back 61

posterior to primary somatosensory area

Front 62

left hemisphere functions

Back 62

-receives somatic sensory signals from and controls the muscles of the right side of the body
-reasoning
-spoken and written language
-science and numeric skills
-ability to use and understand sign language

Front 63

right hemisphere functions

Back 63

-receives somatic sensory signals from and controls the muscles of the left side of the body
-musical and artistic awareness
-space and pattern perception
-recognition of faces and emotional content of facial expressions
-generating mental images to compare spatial relationships
-identifying and discriminating among odors
-generating emotional content of language