Nerves And Arteries Of The Face

Front 1

Cutaneous innervation

Back 1

-primarily by trigeminal nerve

- cutaneous nerves of the neck overlap- come from cervical plexus and extend over ear, posterio aspect neck and scalp

- greater auricular supplies area under ear and much of area overlying mandible

Front 2

motor innervation

Back 2

-primarily facial nerve

Front 3

motor to muscles of mastication

Back 3

- primarily mandibular nerve- the motor root of the trigeminal

Front 4

trigeminal nerve

Back 4

- sensory nerve for the face and motor for the muscles of mastication and several small muscles

Front 5

trigeminal ganglia

Back 5

-large sensory ganglia of CN V

-forms the opthalamic nerve, maxillary nerve, and sensory component of mandibular nerve

-nerves named for main region of termination

-V1 and V2 only sensory and V3 mostly sensory but recieves some motor from motor root of CN V

Front 6

Branches of opthalamic

Back 6

-lacrimal

-supraorbital

-supratrochlear

-infratrochlear

-external nasal

Front 7

branches off maxillary

Back 7

- infra-orbital

-zygomaticotemporal

-zygomaticofacial

Front 8

branches off mandibular

Back 8

-auriculotmeporal

-buccal

-mental

Front 9

muscles of mastication

Back 9

1. temporalis

2. massater

3. lateral pterygoid

4. medial pterygoid

Front 10

facial nerve

Back 10

- immerges from the cranium via the stylomastoid foramen

-branches:
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical
posterior auricular

Front 11

facial artery

Back 11

- provides the major arterial supply to the face

- arises from the external carotid and winds inferior to the mandible just anterior to massater

-courses over face to medial angle of the eye

- sends branches to upper and lower lips (superior and inferior labial arteries)

-branch to medial nose (lateral nasal artery)

-terminates as angular artery which supplies the medial eye

distribution= muscles of facial expression and face

Front 12

superficial temporal artery

Back 12

smaller terminal branch of external carotid

emerges between TMJ and auricle and ends in scalp by dividing into frontal and parietal branches

Front 13

transverse facial artery

Back 13

-arises from superficial temporal artery within parotid gland

-crosses face superficial to massater

-divides into numerous branches that supply the paratid gland and duct, massater, and skin of face

- anastomoses with branches of the facial artery

Front 14

arteries of the scalp

Back 14

- cours within the subcutaneous connective tissue layer between the skin and epicranial apaneurosis

-anastomose freely iwht one another

-firmly attached to dense CT in which embedded limiting abiliyty to constrict when cut

- consequently bleeding from scalp wounds is profuse

Front 15

Where do arteries of the scalp come from

Back 15

- external carotid arteries

occipital

posterior auricular

superficial temporal

internal carotid by way of supratrochlear and supra-orbital

Front 16

arteries of scalp dont supply

Back 16

supply little blood to cranium

middle meningeal artery supplies this

Front 17

facial vein

Back 17

primary superficial venous drainage from face

-begins at medial angle eye as angular vein

- inferior to margin of mandible it joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein

-drains directly into the internal jugular vein

-at medial border eye communicates with superior opthalamic vein which drains into cavernous sinus

Front 18

tributaries

Back 18

- deep facial vein- which drains pterygoid venous plexus of the infratemporal fossa

Front 19

Superficial temporal vein

Back 19

drains forehead and scalp and receives tributaries from veins of temple and face

- near auricle enters parotid gland

Front 20

retromandibular vein

Back 20

- formed by union of superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein

- deep vein that decends within the parotid gland

-superficial to the external carotid artery and deep to the facial nerve

-anterior branch unites with facial vein

posterior branch- joins posterior auricular vein to form external jugular vein

Front 21

external jugular

Back 21

-crosses superficial surface of SCM

- enters subclavian vein in the root of the neck

Front 22

venous drainage of superficial parts scalp

Back 22

- through accompanying veins of scalp arteries

-supra-orbital and supra-trochlear unite at medial angle eye to form angular vein

-becomes facial vein

- superficial temporal veins and posterior auricular drain scalp anterior and posterior to the auricles

-occipital vein drains occipital region scalp

Front 23

venous drainage of deep parts scalp

Back 23

- in temporal region is through deep temporal veins

-tributaries of the pterygoid venous plexus

Front 24

Lymphatics

Back 24

-no lymph nodes in scalp or face except for parotid/buccal region

-lymph from scalp, face, and neck drain into superficial ring (pericervical collar) or lymphdnoedes

(submental, submandibular, parotid, mastoid, and occipital)

-located at junction of head and neck

-superficial ring drains into deep cervical lymph nodes along the IJV

Front 25

Parotid gland

Back 25

-largest of 3 paired salivary glands

-enclosed in a tough fascial capsule -parotid sheath

-sheath derived from investing layer of deep cervical fascia

-anteroinferior to the external acoustic meatus

-wedged between ramus of mandible and mastoid process

Front 26

parotid duct

Back 26

- passes horizontal from anterior edge of gland

- at anterior border of massater turns medially and pierces the buccinator

-enters oral cavity through small orifice oppo the second maxillary molar tooth

Front 27

Embedded within the parotid gland

Back 27

From superficial to deep:

1. Parotid plexus of facial nerve and its branches

2. retromandibular vein

3. external carotid artery

4. within gland are parotid lymph nodes

Front 28

greater auricular nerve

Back 28

- C2 and C3

- branch of cervical plexus

- provides sensory info to parotid sheath, gland, and overlying skin

Front 29

auriculotemporal nerve

Back 29

- branch of V3- provides sensory info to the parotid gland

- passes superior to it with the superficial temporal vessels

Front 30

glossopharyngeal nerve

Back 30

- parasympathetic component supplies secretory fibers to parotid

- post synaptic fibers from otic ganglion by the auriculotemporal nerves

- stim of parasympathetics produces a thin watery saliva

Front 31

sympathetic fibers

Back 31

- derived from cervical ganglia- through external carotid nerve plexus on external carotid artery

-vasomotor activity may reduce secretion from the parotid gland

Front 32

Sensory nerve fibers

Back 32

pass through the gland and its sheath through the great auricular and auriculotemporal nerves