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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dendrites |
The short branches of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body |
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Cell Body |
The main portion of a neuron that contains the nucleus but does not incorporate the dendrites or axon |
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Axon |
The long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells, stem of the cell body |
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Myelin Sheath |
A layer of myelin surrounding the axons of some neurons serving as electrical insulators that increases speed at which nerve impulses can travel along an axon |
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Nodes of Ranvier |
A periodic gap in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. They are uninsulated and highly enriched in ion channels, allowing them to participate in the exchange of ions required to regenerate the action potential |
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Motor End Plate |
The large and complex end formation by which the axon of a motor neuron establishes synaptic contact with a skeletal/striated muscle fiber (cell) |
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Resting Potential |
The electrical potential of a neuron or other excitable cell relative to its surroundings when not stimulated or involved in passage of an impulse |
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Action Potential |
The change in electrical potential that occurs between the inside and outside of a nerve or muscle fiber when it is stimulated serving to transmit nerve signals |
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Depolarization |
Loss of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane of a muscle or nerve cell due to a change in permeability and migration of sodium ions to the interior |
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Repolarization |
The change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value |
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Neuron |
A cell of the nervous system. Typically consist of a cell body which contains a nucleus and receives incoming nerve impulses, and an axon, which carries impulses away from the cell body |
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Synapse |
The site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells (neurons) or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector). A synaptic connection between a neuron and a muscle cell is called a neuromuscular junction |
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Neurotransmitter |
A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure |
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Post-Synaptic Membrane |
In a chemical synapse, the postsynaptic membrane is the membrane that receives a signal (binds neurotransmitter) from the presynaptic cell and responds via depolarisation or hyperpolarisation
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