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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomical Subdivisions |
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Sensory division |
Afferent- carries sensory info to brain visceral sensory- carries sensory signals from viscera somatic sensory- carries signals from receptors from skin, muscles, bones and joints |
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Motor Division |
Efferent- carries signal from CNS to glands and muscles somatic motor- carries signal to skeletal muscle visceral motor- carries signal to glands, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle |
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Visceral Motor Division |
involuntary responses and receptors are visceral reflexes Sympathetic- arouse body for action Parasympathetic- calms body |
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Properties of Neurons |
excitability- responds to environmental changes conductivity- neurons respond to stimuli by producing electrical signals that are quickly conducted to other cells at distant locations secretion- chemical neurotransmitters secreted across synaptic cleft to stimulate next nerve cell |
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Types of Neurons |
sensory, interneuron (association neuron), motor |
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Parts of a Neuron |
soma, dendrites, axon, terminal branches, Schwann cells, myelin sheath |
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Multipolar neuron |
one axon and multiple dendrites most common, especially in CNS |
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bipolar neuron |
one axon and one dendrite olfactory cells, retina and inner ear |
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unipolar neuron |
single process leading away from soma sensory from skin and organs to spinal cord |
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anaxonic neuron |
many dendrites but no axon helps in visual processes
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Axonal Transport |
two-way passage of proteins, organelles and other material along axon |
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anterograde transport |
movement down the axon away from soma |
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retrograde transport |
movement up the axon toward soma |
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Rabies |
viral disease affecting the nerves by traveling up the nerve doing retrograde transport; carried by animals and infects by biting the victim |
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Neuroglia (Glial cells) |
support and protect neurons and binds the neurons together; prevents neurons from touching so they don't short circuit their signals |
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CNS Neuroglia |
Oligodendrocytes- create myelin sheath Astrocytes- create blood brain barrier Ependymal cells- create CSF Microglia- CNS macrophages
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PNS Neuroglia |
Schwann cells- creates myelin sheath Satellite cells- electrical insulation around soma regulating chemical environment |
