Nerve Cells And The Nervous System

Front 1

what are nerves made from?

Back 1

neuronal cells (neurons)

Front 2

what is the function of neurons?

Back 2

receive, conduct and transmit signals to other neurons and organs

Front 3

which part of the neuron receive the information from other neurons?

Back 3

dendrites

Front 4

what does the central nervous system consist of?

Back 4

brain and spinal cord

Front 5

what does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Back 5

all nerves and ganglia other than brain and spinal cord that connect directly or indirectly with the CNS

Front 6

what way do the impulses from sensory neurons travel?

Back 6

towards the CNS - afferents

Front 7

what way do the impulses from motor neurons travel?

Back 7

away from the CNS - efferents

Front 8

what dose the somatic system control?

Back 8

skeletal muscles

Front 9

what does the visceral (autonomic) system control?

Back 9

smooth muscles and glands often associated with internal organs

Front 10

what are the 2 categories of the visceral nervous system?

Back 10

sympathetic and parasympathetics

Front 11

what is a ganglion?

Back 11

a group of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

Front 12

where do the preganglionic neurons of the SYMPATHETIC nervous system leave the CNS from?

Back 12

from the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Front 13

where do the preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system arise from?

Back 13

cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X in the brainstem as well as a few from the sacral region of the spinal cord

Front 14

which nervous system increases heart rate?

Back 14

sympathetic

Front 15

which nervous system slows the heart rate?

Back 15

parasympathetic

Front 16

which system dilates pupils?

Back 16

sympathetic

Front 17

which system constricts the pupils?

Back 17

parasympathetic

Front 18

which system causes the muscle vasculature to dilate?

Back 18

sympathetic

Front 19

which system causes the muscle vasculature to constrict?

Back 19

parasympathetic

Front 20

which system puts the digestive system on hold?

Back 20

sympathetic

Front 21

which system stimulates the gut?

Back 21

parasympathetic

Front 22

which system reduces stress?

Back 22

sympathetic

Front 23

which system increases stress?

Back 23

parasympathetic

Front 24

what are the 4 functions of the nervous system?

Back 24

1. gather info from outside world and inside body
2. transmit info to processing area of brain and spinal cord
3. process info to determine best response
4. send info to muscles, glands and organs so that they respond correctly

Front 25

where are somatic efferent nerves found?

Back 25

ventral horn and leave through ventral root

Front 26

where are afferent nerves found?

Back 26

in dorsal root ganglion

Front 27

what do schwann cells do?

Back 27

secrete myelin over the dendrites and wrap around the axon creating insulator-conductor-insulator etc - very important electrical properties

Front 28

what are the 4 types of glial cells in the CNS?

Back 28

oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

Front 29

what are the 2 types of glial cells in the PNS?

Back 29

schwann cells
satellite cells

Front 30

what is the name of the glial cell responisble for elaborating the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Back 30

oligodendrocytes

Front 31

what is the connective tissue surrounding individual nerve fibres called?

Back 31

endoneurium

Front 32

what surrounds bundles of axons?

Back 32

perineurium

Front 33

what covers the entire surface of the nerve binding together all the fasciles?

Back 33

epineurium

Front 34

what are excitable cells?

Back 34

cells that have the ability to propagate and spread action potentials to neighbouring cells

Front 35

what produces the transmembrane potential?

Back 35

differential distribution of ions across the plasma membrane. Selective permeability is brought about by enzymes like the NA/K pump and channels like the K leak channel.