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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS components
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brain/ spinal cord
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PNS components
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cranial nerves
spinal nerves |
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Somatic
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Voluntary
-From CNS to nerve |
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Autsomatic
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Involuntary
-Visceral -To smooth or cardiac muscle -To muscle like cells in glands |
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Neuroectoderm/Neuroepithelium -
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gives rise to Neural Tube" and migratory Neural Crest" cells
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neural tube
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forms CNS (brain and spinal cord) and neurons with cell bodies in CNS (eg. somatic motor)
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neural crest
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forms remaining peripheral nerves (sensory, most autonomics), melanocytes, odontoblasts
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CNS components
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brain/ spinal cord
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PNS components
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cranial nerves
spinal nerves |
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Somatic
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Voluntary
-From CNS to nerve |
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Autsomatic
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Involuntary
-Visceral -To smooth or cardiac muscle -To muscle like cells in glands |
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Neuroectoderm/Neuroepithelium -
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gives rise to Neural Tube" and migratory Neural Crest" cells
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neural tube
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forms CNS (brain and spinal cord) and neurons with cell bodies in CNS (eg. somatic motor)
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neural crest
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forms remaining peripheral nerves (sensory, most autonomics), melanocytes, odontoblasts
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What does the nervous tissue ECM contain?
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ground substance, protegylcan (neurocan) and glycoprotein (laminin)
-fibers are scantly |
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What does the cell bodies contain
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-Nucleus
-Perinuclear synthetic machinery -RER (Nissl), Golgi, vesicles -Perinuclear recycling machinery -Lysosomes, residual bodies (lipofuscin) -Mitochondria -Centriole -Generation of microtubules for axonal transport |
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What does the axons contain?
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-Cell processes whose neural impulses move away
from the cell body to the terminal end -Prominent microtubules for transport -Can be myelinated; “white matter” in CNS -Generally thought of as sending information |
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what does the dendrites contain
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Cell processes whose neural impulses move toward
the cell body -Often highly branched, with small !spines" -Generally though of as receiving/processing information |
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what is the importance of myleination?
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unmyleinated = depolarization is slow and continuous
myleinated = depolarization is fast and jumps between node |
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Dendrites
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recievers of info
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axon
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passes info
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neurons
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convey info by depolorization of membrane
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gilia
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supporting cells (no action potentials)
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astrocytes
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Scavenge ions and neurotransmitters
-Contribute structurally to !Blood-Brain Barrier" |
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ependymal cells
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line inner cavaties of cns with cerebral spinal fluid
-ventricles -spinal canal |
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microglial cells
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Phagocytic
-Macrophage-like (Monocyte derived) |
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Schwann Cells
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-multiple membrane-wrappings myelinate axons
in the PNS |
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Oligodendrocytes
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-multiple membrane-wrappings myelinate axons
in the CNS |
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cns coverings
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memnges
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dura mater
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attached to bone - contains some osteoprogenitor cells in outer/superficial layers
•dense irregular CT threads connect Arachnoid Mater (= Membrane") and Pia Mater |
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pia mater
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loose elastic ct
-directly contacts glia |
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pns
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neuria
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epineurium
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dense irregular ct
-around entire nerve |
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perinerium
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dense irr ct
-around bundles of nerve fibers -axions and dendrites |
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endonerium
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loose ct
around single nerve fibers |
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what is blood
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it is specialized ct
-contains cells and platlets which are the formed elements |
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what is the ecm in blood?
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it is the fluid or the plasma
-90% h20 1% ions, gases .9 percent plasma protein |
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erythocytes
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99.9 percent of blood cells
-they are biconcave to increase sa -packed with hb which bind to oxygen and co2 -carbonic anyhdrase |
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importance of carbonic anhydrase?
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it is a major plasma buffer (carbonate ion)
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where are eryhcyortes made?
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-erythropoesis in b marrow
driven by erythorpoitin that is released from kidney and travels through blood (hormone) -local cytokines growth factors locally "paracrine" |
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what happens to rbc that lose shape and flexibility due to cytoskeleton linkage to transmembrane protein anchors failing?
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spleen will degrade cells
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leukocytes
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funciton outside blood in CT
-adhere to and migrate through blood vessel walls -via focal adhesions |
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what are granyocytes
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innate immunity
-cell type specific granules = secretory vesicles -neutorphoil -eosinophil -basophil |
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neutorphil
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most adbundant wbc 2/3
first responders short lived hours |
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basophil
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granules that bind to basic stains
rare long lived amplify innate |
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eosinophils
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distinctive coned granule
-short lived late stages of innate and adaptive phagocyose neutralized bodies |
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agranuocytes
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monocytes and lymphocytes
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monocyrtes
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activated to become marocphages outside ct
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lymphocytes
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important in adaptive immunity
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