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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Botulism |
- progressive paralysis of voluntary muscles -> abdominal symptoms, respiratory paralysis=> death
Treatment: - avoid questionable food w/ possible spores of C. botulinum - administration of antitoxin, other supportive measures for paralysis |
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Clostridium botulinum |
- Gram +ve endospore rod -> forms spores in water, soil, foods - spores can germinate in guts of animals (not adult humans), in anoxic wounds -> fish/animals are natural reservoir -> germination produces heat-sensitive toxin |
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SNARE proteins |
1. Synaptobrevin on vesicles required to bind SNAP-25 2. Together they bind Syntaxin at the plasma membrane of neurons to release the contents of the vesicle |
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Botulism toxin |
- B-chain binds to neuronal receptor of motor neurons, taken up by endocytosis -> acidification of endosome allows A chain into cytoplasm - A chain cleaves SNAP-25 - no more fusion of vesicles to membrane -> no acetylcholine release - no muscle contraction; paralysis |
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Tetanus |
- uncontrollable, sustained cramp-like muscle spasms - death due to exhaustion, respiratory failure
Treatment: - Tetanus vaccine (booster every 10 years) -> made of inactivated toxin (tetanus toxoid) - injection of human tetanus immune globulin (TIG) -> neutralize the unbound toxin |
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Clostridium tetani |
- spores are widespread in environment (soil, dust etc) -> requires vaccine to protect from toxin - spore germinate in anaerobic wound and release toxin to bloodstream; phage encoded
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Tetanus toxin |
- B chain attaches to receptors of motor neurons -> endocytosis, A toxin released into cytoplasm from acidification of endosomes - A toxin travels up axon to nerve cell body - cleaves synaptobrevin in inhibitory neurons -> no glycine released to inhibit motor neurons -> constant acetylcholine release; muscle spasms |
