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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brain injuries are caused by (3 types)
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acceleration-deceleration force
rotational force penetrating missile |
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S/S open head injury
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hemorrhaging from nose, pharynx, ears
battle's sign (mastoid bruising) blood in conjunctiva |
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basilar skull fracture s/s
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raccoon eyes
csf leaking ears or nose |
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concussion
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transient neurological deficits caused by shaking of the brain
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brain contusion
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surface bruises of the brain
pulse, bp, and res are below normal skin is cool and pale cerebral edema |
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cerebral laceration
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tearing of cortical tissue
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brainstem injury s/s
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deep coma
extension posturing autonomic dysfunctions nonreactive pupils respiratory difficulty diffuse axonal injury |
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epidural hematoma
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bleeding in the epidural space
momentary unconsciousness followed by a conscious state of a few hours within that day then decreasing loc, HA, seizures, heiparesis, decerebration, dilated and fixed pupils |
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subdural hematoma
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bleeding the in the subdural space
acute - within 48 hours subacute - with 2-14 days chronic - 2 weeks to months |
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subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage
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common in severe head injuries
nuchal rigidity blood in the subarachnoid space interferes with csf reabsorption |
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intracranial hematomas from contusions
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usually occur in the temporal or frontal lobes, from shearing forces, deep in the brain
HA, decreasing LOC, hemiplegia, and dilated pupils |
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s/s of increased intracranial pressure
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deterioration of LOC, confusion, difficulty in rousing, and initially restlessness
pupilary changes muscle weakness progressing to hemiplegia or paraplegia posturing HA/V increase in systolic bp, widening pulse pressure, slowing of pulse (late in injury) |
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normal ICP
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0-15 mmHg
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Cushing's triad
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bradycardia
widening pulse pressure with increasing systolic pressure respiratory irregularities |
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ventriculostomy
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ventricular drain to lower csf level
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