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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amoxicillin
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"• Treatment of
» Skin and skin structure infections » Otitis media » Sinusitis » Respiratory infections » Genitourinary infections • Endocarditis prophylaxis • Postexposure inhalational anthrax prophylaxis • Management of ulcer disease due to Helicobacter pylori Unlabelled Use(s): Lyme disease in children <8 yr Side Effects CNS: SEIZURES (HIGH DOSES) . GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, ↑ liver enzymes. Derm: rashes, urticaria. Hemat: blood dyscrasias. Misc: ALLERGIC REACTIONS INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS , SERUM SICKNESS, superinfection. " |
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ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID EC (Aspirin, ASA, *refer to Nursing central for more names*) - antipyretics -nonopioid analgesics
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10) Analgesia, reduction of inflammation, reduction of fever, decreased incidence of transient ischemic attacks and MI, decreases platelet aggregation
Side Effects EENT: tinnitus. GI: GI BLEEDING, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, nausea, abdominal pain, anorexia, hepatotoxicity, vomiting. Hemat: anemia, hemolysis. Derm: rash, urticaria. Misc: ALLERGIC REACTIONS INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS AND LARYNGEAL EDEMA . |
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Caffeine Citrate
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short-term treatment of idiopathic apnea of prematurity in infants between 28 and <33 wk gestational age
Side Effects ============ CNS: insomnia, irritability, jitteriness, restlessness. CV: tachycardia. GI: NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS, feeding intolerance, gastritis, GI bleeding. GU: increased urine output. Derm: dry skin, rash, skin breakdown. Endo: hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia. MS: muscle tremors, twitches. |
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Captopril
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• Alone or with other agents in the management of hypertension
• Management of heart failure • Reduction of risk of death, heart failure-related hospitalizations, and development of overt heart failure following myocardial infarction • Treatment of diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and retinopathy Side Effects CNS: dizziness, fatigue, headache, insomnia. Resp: cough . CV: hypotension, chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia. GI: taste disturbances, abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting. GU: proteinuria, impaired renal function. Derm: ANGIOEDEMA, rashes, pruritis. F and E: hyperkalemia. Hemat: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, neutropenia. Misc: fever. |
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Cefuroxime
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• Treatment of
» Respiratory tract infections » Skin and skin structure infections » Bone and joint infections (IV) » Urinary tract infections » Gynecological infections » Septicemia (IV) » Otitis media (PO) » Meningitis (IV) » Lyme disease (PO) • Perioperative prophylaxis (IV) Side Effects CNS: SEIZURES (HIGH DOSES) . GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, cramps. Derm: rashes, urticaria, diaper dermatitis. Hemat: bleeding, eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia. Local: pain at IM site, phlebitis at IV site. Misc: ALLERGIC REACTIONS INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS , superinfection. |
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Clindamycin
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• PO, IM, IV: Treatment of
» Skin and skin structure infections » Respiratory tract infections » Septicemia » Intra-abdominal infections » Gynecologic infections » Osteomyelitis » Endocarditis prophylaxis • Topical: Severe acne • Vag: Bacterial vaginosis Unlabelled Use(s): PO, IM, IV: Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, CNS toxoplasmosis, and babesiosis Side Effects CNS: dizziness, headache, vertigo. CV: arrhythmias, hypotension. GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, diarrhea, bitter taste (IV only), nausea, vomiting. Derm: rashes. Local: phlebitis at IV site. |
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Clonidine
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• PO, Transdermal: Management of mild to moderate hypertension
• Epidural: Management of cancer pain unresponsive to opioids alone Unlabelled Use(s): • Management of opioid withdrawal • Treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) • Adjunctive treatment of neuropathic pain Side Effects CNS: drowsiness, depression, dizziness, nervousness, nightmares. CV: bradycardia, hypotension (↑ with epidural), palpitations. GI: dry mouth, constipation, nausea, vomiting. GU: erectile dysfunction. Derm: rash, sweating. F and E: sodium retention. Metabolic: weight gain. Misc: withdrawal phenomenon. |
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Cloxacillin
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Treatment of the following infections due to penicillinase-producing staphylococci
» Respiratory tract infections » Sinusitis » Skin and skin structure infections Side Effects CNS: SEIZURES. GI: diarrhea, epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, pseudomembranous colitis. GU: interstitial nephritis. Derm: rash, urticaria. Hemat: eosinophilia, leukopenia. Misc: ALLERGIC REACTIONS INCLUDING ANAPHYLAXIS AND SERUM SICKNESS , superinfection. |
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Cotrimoxazole
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• Treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections
• Treatment of uncomplicated otitis media in children Unlabelled Use(s): • Prophylaxis of chronic recurrent urinary tract infections • Treatment of head lice • With dapsone in the management of mild to moderate Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) Side Effects GI: altered taste, epigastric discomfort, glossitis, nausea, vomiting, drug-induced hepatitis. Derm: pruritus, rash. Hemat: megaloblastic anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia. Misc: fever. |
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Diazepam
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• Adjunct in the management of
» Anxiety Disorder » Athetosis » Anxiety relief prior to cardioversion (injection) » Stiffman Syndrome » Preoperative sedation » Conscious sedation (provides light anesthesia and anterograde amnesia) • Treatment of status epilepticus/uncontrolled seizures (injection) • Skeletal muscle relaxant • Management of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal Unlabelled Use(s): Anxiety associated with acute myocardial infarction, insomnia Side Effects CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, depression, hangover, ataxia, slurred speech, headache, paradoxical excitation. EENT: blurred vision. Resp: respiratory depression. CV: hypotension (IV only). GI: constipation, diarrhea (may be caused by propylene glycol content in oral solution), nausea, vomiting, weight gain. Derm: rashes. Local: pain (IM), phlebitis (IV), venous thrombosis. Misc: physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance. |
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Diphenhydramine
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• Relief of allergic symptoms caused by histamine release including
» Anaphylaxis » Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis » Allergic dermatoses • Parkinson's disease and dystonic reactions from medications • Mild nighttime sedation • Prevention of motion sickness • Antitussive (syrup only) Side Effects CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, headache, paradoxical excitation (increased in children). EENT: blurred vision, tinnitus. CV: hypotension, palpitations. GI: anorexia, dry mouth, constipation, nausea. GU: dysuria, frequency, urinary retention. Derm: photosensitivity. Resp: chest tightness, thickened bronchial secretions, wheezing. Local: pain at IM site. |
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Digoxin
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• Heart failure
• Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (slows ventricular rate) • Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia SIDE EFFECTS CNS: fatigue, headache, weakness. EENT: blurred vision, yellow or green vision. CV: ARRHYTHMIAS, bradycardia, ECG changes, AV block, SA block. GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Hemat: thrombocytopenia. Metabolic: electrolyte imbalances with acute digoxin toxicity. |
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Erythromycin
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• IV, PO: Infections caused by susceptible organisms including:
» Upper and lower respiratory tract infections » Otitis media (with sulfonamides) » Skin and skin structure infections » Pertussis » Diphtheria » Erythrasma » Intestinal amebiasis » Pelvic inflammatory disease » Nongonococcal urethritis » Syphilis » Legionnaires' disease » Rheumatic fever • Useful when penicillin is the most appropriate drug but cannot be used because of hypersensitivity, including » Streptococcal infections » Treatment of syphilis or gonorrhea • Topical: Treatment of acne SIDE EFFECTS ============= CNS: seizures (rare). EENT: ototoxicity. CV: QT C PROLONGATION (MAY RESULT IN TORSADES DE POINTES) , VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS, . GI: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, drug-induced hepatitis, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, drug-induced pancreatitis (rare). Derm: rashes. Local: phlebitis at IV site. Misc: allergic reactions, superinfection. |
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Ferrous sulphate
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PO: Treatment & prevention iron deficiency anemia
SIDE EFFECTS ============= CNS: dizziness, headache, syncope. GI: nausea, constipation, dark stools, epigastric pain, GI bleeding, vomiting. Misc: temporary staining of teeth (liquid preparations). |
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Furosemide; Lasix; loop diuretics
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Loop diuretics;
• Edema due to heart failure, hepatic impairment or renal disease • Hypertension SIDE EFFECTS ============= hypo- calcemia/-chloremia/-kalemia/-magesemia/-natremia/-volemia, dehydration, metabolic alkalosis. aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis |
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Hydroxyzine
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• Treatment of anxiety
• Preoperative sedation • Antiemetic • Antipruritic • May be combined with opioid analgesics SIDE EFFECTS ============== CNS: drowsiness, agitation, ataxia, dizziness, headache, weakness. Resp: wheezing. GI: dry mouth, bitter taste, constipation, nausea. GU: urinary retention. Derm: flushing. Local: pain at IM site, abscesses at IM sites. Misc: chest tightness. |
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Nitrofurantoin
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Prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections caused by susceptible organisms; not effective in systemic bacterial infections
SIDE EFFECTS ============ CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, headache. EENT: nystagmus. Resp: PNEUMONITIS, PULMONARY FIBROSIS. CV: chest pain. GI: HEPATOTOXICITY, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea. GU: rust/brown discoloration of urine. Derm: photosensitivity. Hemat: blood dyscrasias, hemolytic anemia. Neuro: peripheral neuropathy. Misc: hypersensitivity reactions. |
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Nystatin
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Treatment of a variety of cutaneous fungal infections, including cutaneous candidiasis, tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea corporis (ringworm), and tinea versicolor
SIDE EFFECTS ============ Local: burning, itching, local hypersensitivity reactions, redness, stinging. |
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Ondansetron; Zofran; antiemetics
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• Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy
• IM, IV: Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting SIDE EFFECTS ============ CNS: headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, weakness. GI: constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dry mouth, ↑ liver enzymes. Neuro: extrapyramidal reactions. |
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Phenobarbital
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• Anticonvulsant in tonic-clonic (grand mal), partial, and febrile seizures in children
• Preoperative sedative and in other situations in which sedation may be required • Hypnotic (short-term) Unlabelled Use(s): Prevention/treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates SIDE EFFECTS ========== CNS: hangover, delirium, depression, drowsiness, excitation, lethargy, vertigo. Resp: respiratory depression, IV—LARYNGOSPASM, bronchospasm. CV: IV—hypotension. GI: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting. Derm: photosensitivity, rashes, urticaria. Local: phlebitis at IV site. MS: arthralgia, myalgia, neuralgia. Misc: HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS INCLUDING ANGIOEDEMA AND SERUM SICKNESS , physical dependence, psychological dependence. |
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Prednisolone
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• Used systemically and locally in a wide variety of chronic diseases including
» Inflammatory » Allergic » Hematologic » Neoplastic » Autoimmune disorders • Suitable for alternate-day dosing in the management of chronic illness • Replacement therapy in adrenal insufficiency Unlabelled Use(s): • Adjunctive therapy of hypercalcemia • Adjunctive management of nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy SIDE EFFECTS ================ Adverse reactions/side effects are much more common with high-dose/long-term therapy CNS: depression, euphoria, headache, ↑ intracranial pressure (children only), personality changes, psychoses, restlessness. EENT: cataracts, ↑ intraocular pressure. CV: hypertension. GI: PEPTIC ULCERATION, anorexia, nausea, vomiting. Derm: acne, ↓ wound healing, ecchymoses, fragility, hirsutism, petechiae. Endo: adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia. F and E: fluid retention (long-term high doses), hypokalemia, hypokalemic alkalosis. Hemat: THROMBOEMBOLISM, thrombophlebitis. Metabolic: weight gain, weight loss. MS: muscle wasting, osteoporosis, avascular necrosis of joints, muscle pain. Misc: cushingoid appearance (moon face, buffalo hump), ↑ susceptibility to infection. |
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Propranolol
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• Management of hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, thyrotoxicosis, essential tremors, pheochromocytoma
• Also used in the prevention and management of MI, and the prevention of vascular headaches Unlabelled Use(s): • Also used to manage alcohol withdrawal, aggressive behavior, antipsychotic-associated akathisia, situational anxiety, and esophageal varices • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(Ongoing clinical trials at National Institute for Mental Health [NIMH]) SIDE EFFECTS ============= CNS: fatigue, weakness, anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia, memory loss, mental depression, mental status changes, nervousness, nightmares. EENT: blurred vision, dry eyes, nasal stuffiness. Resp: bronchospasm, wheezing. CV: ARRHYTHMIAS, BRADYCARDIA, CHF, PULMONARY EDEMA, orthostatic hypotension, peripheral vasoconstriction. GI: constipation, diarrhea, nausea. GU: erectile dysfunction, ↓ libido. Derm: itching, rashes. Endo: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia (↑ in children). MS: arthralgia, back pain, muscle cramps. Neuro: paresthesia. Misc: drug-induced lupus syndrome. |
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Ranitidine
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• Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcers and benign gastric ulcers
• Maintentance therapy for duodenal and gastric ulcers after healing of active ulcer(s) • Management of gastric hypersecretory states (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) • Treatment of and maintenace therapy for erosive esophagitis • Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) • Heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach (OTC use) • IV: Prevention and treatment of stress-induced upper GI bleeding in critically ill patients SIDE EFFECTS ============ CNS: confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, headache. CV: ARRHYTHMIAS. GI: constipation, diarrhea, nausea. GU: decreased sperm count, erectile dysfunction. Endo: gynecomastia. Hemat: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC ANEMIA, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia. Local: pain at IM site. Misc: hypersensivity reactions, vasculitis. |
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SPIRONOLACTONE (Aldactone/Novospiroton) - diuretic (potassium sparing diuretics) - Antihypertensive - Antiedemic - treat hypokalemia
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13) Conservation of K+; â Edema, â bld vol therefore â HPTN.
SIDE EFFECTS ============ CNS: dizziness, clumsiness, headache. CV: arrhythmias. GI: GI irritation. GU: erectile dysfunction, dysuria. Endo: gynecomastia (in males), breast tenderness, , deepening of voice, increased hair growth (in females). F and E: hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Hemat: agranulocytosis. MS: muscle cramps. Misc: allergic reactions. |
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Valproic acid
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• Monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for simple and complex absence seizures
• Monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for complex partial seizures • Adjunctive therapy for patients with multiple seizure types, including absence seizures • Divalproex sodium only: » Manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder » Prevention of migraine headache SIDE EFFECTS ================== CNS: SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, agitation, dizziness, headache, insomnia, sedation, confusion, depression. CV: peripheral edema. EENT: visual disturbances. GI: HEPATOTOXICITY, PANCREATITIS, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, constipation, increased appetite. Derm: alopecia, rashes. Endo: weight gain. Hemat: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. Metabolic: HYPERAMMONEMIA. Neuro: HYPOTHERMIA, tremor, ataxia. |
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ACETAMINOPHEN*
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ANALGESIC
10-15 mg/kg/dose po q4 – 6h DO NOT EXCEED 5 DOSES PER 24 HRS |
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IBUPROFEN*
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ANALGESIC
4-10 mg/kg/dose po q6 – 8h (FOR> 6 Mos) |
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NAPROXEN
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ANALGESIC
>2 yrs 5-7 mg/kg/dose po q8 – 12h 25-49 kg: 250 mg/dose pr q12h > 50 kg: 500 mg/dose pr q12h |
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MORPHINE
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ANALGESIC
0.2 - 0.5 mg/kg/dose po q4 – 6h 0.1 mg/kg/dose IV q 2h (MAX DOSE IS 0.2 mg/kg PER 2 hr INTERVAL) 0.05 mg/kg/dose IV q10 min X 2 prn FOR BREAKTHROUGH PAIN |
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CODEINE
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ANALGESIC
0.5 - 1.0 mg/kg/dose po Max 60 mg/dose Note: Codeine is ineffective in approximately 1/3 of all children q4 – 6h |
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OXYCODONE IR
(immediate release) |
ANALGESIC
0.05 – 0.15 mg/kg/dose po q 4-6h |
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DIMENHYDRINATE
(Antiemetic) |
12.5 – 25 mg po, IV, pr 2 – 5 YRS.
25 – 50 mg po, IV, pr 6-12 YRS. q6-8h (max. dose is 5 mg/kg/day to a max of 75 mg/day) q6-8h ( max. dose is 5 mg/kg/day to a max of 150 mg/day) |
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MEPERIDINE
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Meperidine is not recommended for use with children.
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* ACETAMINOPHEN &
IBUPROFEN |
Give together for better effect for pain but not for fever
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Atrovent (ipratropruim bromide)
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Anticholinergic
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Ventolin (salbutamol)
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Bronchodilator
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Bricanyl (terbutaline)
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Bronchodilator
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Advair (flovent & salmeterol)
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Combination
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Symbicort (pulmicort & oxeze)
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Combination
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Pulmicort (budesonide)
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Corticosteroid
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Flovent (fluticasone)
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Corticosteroid
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QVAR
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Corticosteroid
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Pulmozyme
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Dornase Alfa Recombinant
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Singular (montelukast) – tablet form
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Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
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Gentamicin
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Respiratory Antibiotic
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Tobramycin (TOBI)
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Respiratory Antibiotic
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Flonase
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Nasal Steroid Spray
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Nasonex
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Nasal Steroid Spray
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Nasocort
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Nasal Steroid Spray
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