Nephrotic Syndrome

Front 1

essentials of nephrotic syn.?

Back 1

-proteinuria (more than 3.5g/day)
-hypoalbuminemia (less than 3g/dl)
-peripheral edema
(hypolipidemia occurs in 50pc of early nephrotic syn. Cases)

Front 2

features of nephrotic syndrome?

Back 2

-massive proteinuria
-hypoalbuminemia
-hyperlipidemia
-iron resistant microcytic hypochromic anemia
-hypercoagulability
-increased infection
-hypocalcemia and 2ndary hyperparathyroidism
-hypothyroidism

Front 3

cause of iron resistant microcytic hypochromic anemia in nephrotic syn.?

Back 3

loss of transferrin causing reduced transferrin in plasma.

Front 4

why hyperlipidemia in nephrotic syndrome?

Back 4

increased hepatic synthesis of lipids

Front 5

cause of hypercoagulability in nephrotic syndrome?

Back 5

-loss of AT3 in urine
-hyperfibrinogenemia
-increased platelet aggregability
-altered protein c and s levels

Front 6

cause and complications of hyperfibrinogenemia?

Back 6

-due to increased synthesis.
-May lead to spontaneous peripheral venous or arterial thrombosis
-renal vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Front 7

cause of hypothyroidism in nephrotic syndrome?

Back 7

reduced thyroxine binding globulin due to urinary loss

Front 8

cause of hypocalcemia in nephrotic synd.?

Back 8

-urinary loss of cholecalciferol binding protein causing vit D def. And 2ndary parathyroidism.

Front 9

lipid profile in nephrotic syndrome?

Back 9

ldl,vldl,cholesterol,lp(a),tg increased
hdl most often decreased

Front 10

most common causes of nephrotic syndrome?

Back 10

-systemic DM,SLE,amyloidosis
-renal membranous nephropathy>minimal change>focal gsclerosis>membranoproliferative ( in adults)

Front 11

common s/e of corticosteroids?

Back 11

cushing's habitus,hyperglycemia,susceptible to infection,peptic u,post. SubC cataract,growth retardation,fragile skin,muscle weakness,glaucoma,psychiatric ds,osteoporosis.