Nephrology

Front 1

Best initial test in nephrology

Back 1

-Urianalysis
and others
Blood urea
Creatinine

Front 2

long-term microalbuminuria the to worsening

Back 2

renal function

Front 3

Test to detect eosinophils in the urine, for allergic interstial nephritis

Back 3

Wrigth and Hansel tests

Front 4

Are Bence-Jones detectable on urine dipstick?

Back 4

No, use immunoelectrophoresis

Front 5

Most accurate test for renal stones?

Back 5

Renal CT

Front 6

What you should think when you see "dysmorphic" red cells?

Back 6

Glomerolonephritis

Front 7

When is Cytoscopy the answer?

Back 7

-Hematuria without infection or prior trauma.
-Renal US or CT doesn't show an etiology.
-Bladder sonography shows a mass for possible biopsy

Front 8

Red cell Cast
White cell
Eosipnophil
Hyaline

Back 8

Glomerulonephritis
Pyelonephritis
Acute allergic interstitial nephritis
Dehydration

Front 9

Broad, waxy cast
Granular "muddy-brown"

Back 9

Chronic renal disease
Acute tubular necrosis

Front 10

Acute Kidney Injury
Best initial test?
Best initial imaging test?

Back 10

1-BUN and Creatinine
2-Renal Sonogram

Front 11

Tests for AKI of unclear Etiology?

Back 11

-Urianalysis
-Urine SOdium(UNa)
-Fractional excretion of Na(FeNA)
-Urine osmolalty
"always go with urianalysis first"

Front 12

Best initial test to confirm Rhabdomyolysis?
The most specific test?
Electrolytes abnormality?
Treatment?

Back 12

-Uroanalysis
-Urine test for myoglobulin
-Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalimia
-Saline, Mannitol, Bicarbonate

Front 13

Why doesn't hemolysis cause hyperurecemia?

Back 13

RBC's have no nuclei

Front 14

When Dialysis is the answer in ATN?

Back 14

Fluid Overload
Encephalopathy
Pericarditis
Metabolic Acidosis
Hyperkalemia

Front 15

Hepatorenal Syndrome treatment?
Lab values fit with?

Back 15

ALbumin
Midodrine
Octreotide

-Prerenal Azotemia

Front 16

Atheroemboli
Definition?
Most accurate test?

Back 16

1-Cholesterol emboli lodge in the kidney leading AKI(during catheter procedures)
2- Biopsy of one of the purplish skin lesion(Cholesterol crystals)

Front 17

Acute Allergic Interstial Nephritis
Presentation?
Most Accurate Test?

Back 17

1- Fever, Rash, Asthralgias, Eosinophilia(80%).
2- Hansel or Wright stain

Front 18

Papillary Necrosis
Best initial test?
The Most accurate test?

Back 18

Urianalysis
CT scan

Front 19

Goodpasture Syndrome
Best initial test?
Most Accurate test?
Treatment?

Back 19

1- Antigloemrular basement membrane antibodies.
2- Lung or Kidney biopsy
3- Plasmapheresis and steroids

Front 20

IgA Nephropathy(berguer DIsease)
Most common cause of?
Most accurate test?
Protein levels correspond with what?
Tx?

Back 20

1- Acute glomerulonephritis
2- Kidney biopsy
3- Severity of disease and likehood of progression( more proteinuria= worse progression)
4-Severe proteinuria tx with ACEi and stereoids

Front 21

Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
Inital test?
Most accurate?

Back 21

1- Uroanalysis
2- Biopsy(should not rutenely do, because the blood is enough).

Front 22

Polyarteritis Nodosa
Test?
Most accurate tests?

Back 22

1- ANgiogrpahy of the renal , mesenteric or hepatic artery showing anuerismal dilation.
2- biopsy of a symptomatic site such as skin, nerves, or muscles.

Front 23

Lupus Nephritis
Most accurate test?
treatment?

Back 23

Biopsy, is indiscipable in determining therapy.
Mild: Glucocorticoids
Severe: Glucocorticoids+ cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate

Front 24

Amyloidosis
MAT?
Tx?

Back 24

-Biopsy(green birefringend with Congo red staining)
-Melphalan and Prednisone

Front 25

Nephrotic syndrome
BIT?
MAT?
Tx?

Back 25

1-UA(maltesse corsses lipid deposists)
2- Renal biopsy
3-Glucocorticoids, Cyclophosphamaide(if not), ACEi( control proteuniria)
Statins(hyperlipidemia)

Front 26

What you have to avoid in TTP or HUS?

Back 26

Plaletler transfusions

Front 27

Hypernatremia etiology?

Back 27

Sweating
Burns
Fever
Hyperventilation
Diarrhea
Diuretics

Front 28

Hyponatremia etiology?

Back 28

Hypervolemic state:
CHF
Nephrotic syndrome
Cirrhosis
Hypovolemia( if there is chronic replacemnt with free water(no Na))
Sweating
Burns
Fever
Pneumonia
DIarrhea

Front 29

Causes of pseudohyperkalemia?

Back 29

Hemolysis
Repeated fist cleching with tourniquet in place
Thrombocytocytosis or leukocytosis( will leak out on labs)

Front 30

Causes of hyperkalemia?

Back 30

Renal failure
Aldosterone decrease
ACEi
Tissue destriction
Heparin

Front 31

Most urgent test in severe hyperkalemia?

Back 31

an EKG

Front 32

When there is hyperkalemia and anormal EKG, the Most appropiate next step?

Back 32

Calcium chloride or gluconate

Front 33

Hypokalemia GI ways?

Back 33

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Laxative
Also hypomagnesimia causes

Front 34

Best initial therapy in HTN?

Back 34

Thiazide diuretics