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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wegener Granulomatosis |
Upper + lower resp findings Renal insufficiency + C-ANCA Tx: Prednisone + Cyclophosphamide |
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Goodpasture syndrome |
Lung + kidney + anemia NO upper resp, systemic vasculitis, skin, joint, GI or neuro Best initial text = antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies Most accurate = biopsy of lung or kidney Tx: plasmaphoresis, steroids, +/- cyclophosphamide |
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Berger disease (IgA nephropathy) Population Presentation Dx Tx |
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy) - Most common cause of acute GN - Look for ASIAN patient - Recurrent episodes of gross hematura 1-2 days post URTI Increased IgA Biopsy = most accurate test Severe proteinuria can be treated w ACEi + Steroids |
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Postinfectious GN - Symptoms - Dx - Tx |
Usually after streptococcus Follows throat or skin infxn by 1-3 weeks Dark coca cola coloured urine Periorbital edema HTN Oligouria Dx: antistreptolysin O titre Anti-DNAse antibody titre Low complement levels if post streptococcal Tx: If it does not resolve use abx + diuretics |
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Alport syndrome |
Cause of GN Congenital defect in collagen Sensorineural hearing loss Visual disturbance (loss of collagen that holds lens in place) |
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Polyarteritis nodosa What is it associated with? What does it cause in young people? Dx tests + treatment? |
Systemic vasculitis of small + med sized arteries (most commonly affects the kidneys) - spares the lungs Associated w Hep B Symp: fever, malaise, weight loss, myalgias, arthralgias, purpura, peritchiae, digital gangrene, livedo reticularis (mottled) STROKE or MI in young person = PAN Dx: - Anemia - Leukocytosis - Elevated ESR + CRP Tx: - Prednisone - Cyclophosphamide |
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Lupus nephritis |
Lupus nephritis Usually mild, asymptomatic GN Tx: 1. Glucocorticoids 2. Cyclophosphamide 3. Mycophenolate |
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Heinz Bodies on peripheral smear |
Small inclusions w/in an erythrocyte from hemolysis secondary to G6P deficiency or thalassemia |
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Howell Jolly bodies |
Sickle cell anemia |
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Helmet cells + schistocytes |
Traumatic microangiopathic hemolytic conditions - DIC - Hemolytic uremic syndrome - TTP |
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Kallman syndrome |
- Decreased sense of smell - Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism - Short - X-linked |
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Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
- Acute renal injury - Thrombocytopenia - Microangiopathic - Increased lactate dehydrogenase - Secondary to shiga toxin from E. Coli |
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Sjoren syndrome |
Sjoren Syndrome - Greatest incidence in middle age Exocrine features: Dry eyes, salivary hypertrophy, dry skin Extraglandular features: Raynaud phenomenon, cutaneous vasculitis, athralgias/arthritis, interstitial lung disease Dx findings: + anti-Ro (SSA) or anti-La (SSB) |
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Causes of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis |
Normal AG = 8 - 12 Diarrhea Fistulas Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors RTA Urethral diversion Iatrogenic |
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Sturge Weber Syndrome |
Sturge Weber Syndrome - Focal or generalized seizures - Mental retardation - Port wine stain over the trigeminal nerve - After 2 years old will see gyriform intracranial calcifications |
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McCune Albright Syndrome |
McCune Albright Syndrome Triad: 1. Cafe au lait spots 2. Polystotic fibrous dysplasia 3. Autonomous endocrine hyperfunction (early puberty) |
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MEN Type 1 |
MEN Type 1 - Primary hyperparathyroidism (high Ca) - Pituitary tumours (prolactin, visual defects) - Pancreatic tumours (gastrinomas) |
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MEN Type 2A |
Men Type 2A - Medullary thyroid CA (calcitonin) - Pheochromocytoma - Parathyroid hyperplasia |
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MEN Type 2B |
MEN Type 2B - Medullary thyroid CA - Pheochromocytoma - Mucosal neuromas - Marfanoid habitus |
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Medullary Thyroid CA |
Medillary Thyroid CA - Increased serum calcitonin - Calcitonin producing tumour arising from neuroendocrine parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland |
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DiGeorge Syndrome |
DiGeorge Syndrome - 22q11.2 deletion - Facial deformities - Developmental delays - Hypocalcemia - Decreased T cell count and function (thymic hypoplasia) |
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X-linked (Bruton) Agammaglobulinemia |
X-linked (Bruton) Agammaglobulinemia = a type of immunodeficiency - Decreased B Cells - Normal T cells - Male children - Increased sinopulmonary infection - Decreased size or absence of tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodse, Tx: IVIG |
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Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome |
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Immune deficiency + thrombocytopenia + eczema Decreased T lymphocytes |
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Hyper-IgE Syndrome |
Hyper-IgE Syndrome Recurrent skin infection w staph Tx = prophylactic abx - Dicloxacillin - Cephalexin |
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Chronic Granulomatous Disease |
Chronic Granulomatous Disease - Genetic disease - Extensive inflammatory reactions - Lymph nodes w purulent material - Aphthous ulcers in nares Text = Abn nitro blue tetrazolium testing |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms |
Rheumatoid Arthritis - Morning Stiffness (at least 30 minutes) - Rheumatoid nodules - Occular symptoms (episcleritis - red sclera) - Lung involvement (pleural effusions, nodules) - Vasculitis - Cervical joint involvement (C1 + C2) - Baker cyst - Pericarditis, pleural disease, carpal tunnel |
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Rheumatoid Tx: DMARDs |
Rheumatoid Tx: DMARDs 1. Methotrexate - Best first line drug. Do a CBC q3mo. S/E = liver tox, bone marrow suppression, lung toxicity 2. TNFi - First line for those not responding to Methotrexate. Can add on top. Major S/E = reactivation of TB. 3. Rituximab - Major S/E = infection 4. Hydroxycholoroquine - S/E = toxic to the retina 5. Sulfalazine - S/E = bone marrow toxicity, hemolysis w G6PD, rash 6. Leflunomide - hepatotoxix, cytopenia 7. Cyclophosphamide - Bladder CA, sterility, myelosuppression, acute hemorrhagic systitis |
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FELTY Syndrome |
Felty syndrome - RA - Splenomegaly - Neutropenia |
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Caplan syndrome |
Caplan syndrome - RA - Pneumoconicosis - Lung nodules |
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Antiphospholipid syndrome |
Antiphospholipid syndrome - Sometimes associated w SLE Symp: - VTE + arterial embolic dx - Miscarriage |
