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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 mechanisms of water conservation?
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Kidneys
Instestines Sweating |
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What 2 hormones does the kidney secrete?
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Renin
EPO |
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Name some things you can see in a urine analysis
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Blood- not normal
Glucose-not present above 0.3g/24 hr Keytone bodies- present during fasting (check diet) Protein-usually not present above 150mg/24 hr Bilirubin-usually not present Urine pH- 5-7.5 depending on diet |
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What are keytone bodies?
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Metabolites of tissue protein
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If you see intact RBCs in urine, what may be the problem?
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Kidney stones in ureter, or trauma (grey turner syndrome
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If you see hemoglobin in urine, what may be the problem?
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Hemolysis: could be sickle cell or other
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If you see myoglobin in urine, what may be the problem?
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Trauma
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If glucose is being spilled into urine, what should you expect?
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Polyuria because of osmotic pressure
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What is the normal specific gravity?
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1.000-1.025
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What type of crystals will you see with acid urine?
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Cystine and Uric acid (Gout and red meat)
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What type of crystals will you see with alkaline urine?
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Calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate
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Your pt has RBCs, WBCs, and epithelial cells in urine, what’s the most likely Dx?
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Stones until proven otherwise
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How do you get a “clean catch” urine sample?
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Cathether
Needle in bladder |
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What is the normal GFR?
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115-125 ml/min
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Name 3 renal function test
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GFR
Urine concentrating ability-18-24 hr water deprivation; check osmolarity; should reach 900mOsm/kg Urine diluting ability |
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What is the normal mOsm/kg?
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50-1000 mOsm/kg
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What test assesses the contribution of each kidney?
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Radionuclide scanning test
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What test is used to eval renal masses?
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MRI
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What test is indicated for pts with protenuria(nephritic syndrome), hematuria, or lupus?
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Renal biopsy
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Which test and meds do you avoid with decreased GFR
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Dye tests
Aminoglycosides(nephrotoxic/ototoxic) |
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What are casts?
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Elements formed in disease states associated with low intra-renal urine flow or heavy proteinuria
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Where are casts formed?
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ureters
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RBC casts in urine indicate what?
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problem within the kidney
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what is a hyaline cast?
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An empty cast made of protein
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