Nephro Aki And Ckd

Front 1

Proximal tubule part

Back 1

Straight (pars recta) or thick descending LOH

Front 2

Intermediate tubule parts

Back 2

Thin desc and asc

Front 3

Distal tubule parts

Back 3

Thick asc

Has 2 divisions: cortical and medullary

Front 4

Microvasc pattern in kidneys

Back 4

Renal a- interlobar- arcuate- interlobular- afferent- glomerulus- efferent- desc vasa- asc vasa- arcuate- interlobar- renal v

Front 5

In Gbm, this form cords providing structure

Back 5

Type 4 collagen

Front 6

Forms tight complexes; for cell adhesion to gbm

Back 6

Laminin and nidogen

Front 7

Responsible for charge barrier in gbm

Back 7

Heparan so4

Front 8

Urine vol ave

Back 8

1.5 L/ day

1ml/ min

Front 9

Ultrafiltration rate

Reabs

Back 9

>180 L/ day

99%

Front 10

N GFR

Male

Female

Back 10

M: 165-180 L/ day (115-125 ml/min)

F: 130-145 L/day (90-100ml/min)

Front 11

Ist line of defense in renal bf fluctuation

Back 11

Myogenic reflex

Front 12

Mediated my macula densa

Back 12

Tubuloglomerular feedback

Front 13

Measurment in renal plasma flow

Back 13

PAH (100%)

-filtered, not reabsorbed, secreted

Front 14

% rbf feeds non-filtering tx

Back 14

10-15

Front 15

PAH clearance is only

Back 15

Measure of effective renal plasma flow (10-15% less) and not total renal plasma flow

Front 16

Creatinine turnover

Back 16

Constant 1.6-1.7% of total creatine every 24hrs

Front 17

Creatinine det

Back 17

Jaffe

Enzymatic

Front 18

Jaffe method

Back 18

Alk picrate + crea -> bright orange red at 485nm

Front 19

Enzymatic crea method

Back 19

Crea aminohydrolase, crea deaminase, peroxidase-> h202 reacting on phenol to form color

Front 20

Creatinine NV

Back 20

0.6-1.3mg/dl

55-132umol/L

Front 21

False inc in jaffe

Back 21

Glucose

Ketone

Cephalo

Front 22

False dec in jaffe

Back 22

Bilirubin

Front 23

False inc in enzymatic crea

False dec

Back 23

Glucose

Ethamsylate, metamizole

Front 24

Urine crea NV

Back 24

Men 20-25 mg/kg/day

Female 15-20

Front 25

Cockroft and gault formula

Back 25

Back (Definition)

Front 26

This equation is only used for CKD, not AKI and normals

Why

Back 26

MDRD

Underestimate up to 29%

Front 27

% urea reabsorbed

Back 27

40-80%

Front 28

Urea constitutes ___ of urinary solids and ___ of total urinary nitrogen

Back 28

Half

80-90%

Front 29

Bun/crea ratio

Back 29

10-20:1

Front 30

High bun/crea with N Scr

Back 30

Dehydration, high protein intake, inc catabolism, GI bleeding

Front 31

High bun/crea, with increased Scr

Back 31

Prerenal azo and post renal azo

Front 32

Low bun/crea

Back 32

Starvation, severe liver dse, low chon intake, ATN

Front 33

This clearance measurement requires continuous infusion so its cumbersome in routine use

Back 33

Inulin

Front 34

Use 125-Iothalamate 51-Cr-EDTA, 99-Tc-DPTA as filtration markers

Approximates inulin

Back 34

Nuclear GFR

Front 35

enhance iron delivery

Back 35

NGAL

Front 36

Helps protect kidney tubules by upregulating heme oxygenase 1

Back 36

NGAL

Front 37

Part of superfamily pf cysteine protease inhibitors

Back 37

Cystatin C

Front 38

Urine dipstick from trace to 4+

Back 38

10-30

30

100

300

1000

Front 39

Normal urine contains hyaline cast

Back 39

200/ml

Front 40

Kdigo AKI

Back 40

Inc crea >/=0.3mg/dl or >/=26.5umol/L in 48hrs

Increase crea by 50% from baseline in 7D

Or urine output <0.5ml/kg/g in 6h

Front 41

Categories of aki and its prevalence

Back 41

Prerenal 55

Intrinsic 40

Postremal 5

Front 42

Urine centrifugation

Back 42

3000 rpm 3-5min

2000 rpm 5-10mins

Front 43

Cell count done in?

Culture?

Back 43

2-4hrs

2hrs

Front 44

Pungent urine

Back 44

Ammonia by bacteria

Front 45

Brewery urine

Back 45

Oasthourse urine

Front 46

Rancid butter or fishy urine

Back 46

Methioninenemia

Front 47

Fruity or sweet urine

Back 47

Ketone

Front 48

Sweaty feet urine

Back 48

Isovaleric

Front 49

Endogenous acid production

Back 49

1 meq/kbw

Front 50

Total urine protein /24hr

Back 50

<150mg/day

Front 51

Kdigo stage 1 aki

Back 51

Inc crea >/=0.3 mg/dl (>/=26.4umol/L)

Or inc 1.5-1.9x from baseline

And

<0.5ml/kg/hr urine vol for 6-12hrs

Front 52

Kdigo stage 2 aki

Back 52

Inc crea 2-2.9x from base

Urine vol <0.5 ml/kg for more than 12hrs

Front 53

Kdigo stage 3 aki

Back 53

Serum crea 3x base

And

<0.3ml/kg/h for 24hrs urine vol or anuria for 12hrs

Front 54

Most common substituted cellulose membrane

Back 54

Cellulose acetate— acetate replaces 80% of OH groups

Front 55

Modified by addition of synthetic material such as diethylaminoethyl in production of Hemophane

Back 55

Cellulosynthetic membrane

Front 56

Dialyzer surface area

Priming volume of blood lines

Total priming volume

Back 56

Cuprophan, polysaccharide based from pressed cotton

Front 57

Dialyzer surface are

Priming volume of blood lines

Total priming volume

Back 57

60-120 ml

100-150 ml

160-260 ml