Nephritc Vs Nephrotic

Front 1

Nephritic vs nephrotic
proteinuria > 3.5 g/day

Back 1

Nephrotic syndrome

Front 2

Nephritic vs nephrotic
frothy urine, hyperlipidemia, fatty casts, edema

Back 2

nephrotic syndrome

Front 3

Nephritic vs nephrotic
Which is associated with thromboembolism and increased risk of infection and why?

Back 3

nephrotic syndrome

hypercoaguable state due to antithrombin III loss in urine
increased risk of infection due to loss of immunoglobulins

Front 4

Nephritic vs nephrotic
which is an inflammatory process?

Back 4

nephritic syndrome

Front 5

Nephritic vs nephrotic
when it involves glomeruli it leads to hematuria and RBC casts in urine

Back 5

Nephritic syndrome

Front 6

Nephritic vs nephrotic
associated with azotemia, oliguria, hypertension (due to salt retention), and proteinemia (<3.5 g/day)

Back 6

Nephritic syndrome

Front 7

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
nephritic or nephrotic?
LM?
EM?
Associations?

Back 7

Most common cause of Nephrotic syndrome in adults
LM - segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
EM - effacement of foot processes similar to minimal change disease
Associated with HIC infection, heroin abuse, massive obesity, interferon treatment, and chronic kidney disease due to congenital absence or surgical removal

Front 8

Membranous nephropathy
nephritic or nephrotic?
LM?
EM?
IF?
What disease has a kidney presentation of membranous nephropathy?

Back 8

Second most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults. Can be idiopathic or caused by druga, infections, SLE, solid tumors
LM - diffuse capillary and GBM thickening
EM - "spike and dome" appearance with subepithelial deposits
IF - granular
SLE's nephrotic presentation

Front 9

Minimal Change Disease
nephritic or nephrotic?
LM?
EM?
What is lost?
Most common in?
Tx?

Back 9

Nephrotic syndrome that may be triggered by a recent infection or an immune stimulus.
LM - normal glomeruli
EM - foot process effacement
Selective loss of albumin, not globulins, caused by GBM polyanion loss
Most common in children
Responds to corticosteroids

Front 10

Amyloidosis
nephritic or nephrotic?
LM?
Associations?

Back 10

Nephrotic syndrome
LM - congo red stain shows apple green birefringence under polarized light
Associated with chronic conditions (e.g. multiple myeloma, TB, RA)

Front 11

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type I
nephritic or nephrotic?
EM?
IF?
Associations?

Back 11

Normally nephrotic can present as nephritic
EM - "tram-track" appearance due to GBM splitting caused by mesangial ingrowth
IF - subendothelial immune complex deposits with granular IF
associated with HBV and HCV

Front 12

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type II
nephritic or nephrotic?
presentation?
Associations?

Back 12

Nephrotic syndrome
intramembranous immune complex deposits "dense deposits"
associated with C3 nephritic factor

Front 13

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Nephritic or nephrotic?
LM?
EM?
IF?
Most common in?
Presentation?

Back 13

Nephritic syndrome
LM - glomeruli enlarged and hypercellular, neutrophils, "lumpy-bumpy" appearance
EM - subepithelial immune complex bumps
IF - ganular appearance due to IgG, IgM, and C3 deposition along GBM and mesangium
most frequently seen in children
presents with peripheral and periorbital edema, dark urine, and HTN.
Resolves spontaneously

Front 14

Rapidly progressive (cresenteric) glomerulonephritis
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Nephritic or nephrotic?
LM?
IF?
Diseases?

Back 14

nephritic syndrome
LM and IF - crescent-moon shape. Crescents consist of fibrin and plasma proteins with glomerular parietal cells, monocytes, and macrophages
Sevreal disease processes may result in this pattern:
goodpasure's syndrome, Wegner's granulomatosis, Microscopic polyangitis

Front 15

type II hypersensitivity; antibodies to GBM and alveolar basement membrane - linear IF; hematuria/hemoptysis

Back 15

Goodpasture's syndrome

Front 16

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, c-ANCA

Back 16

Wegner's

Front 17

p-ANCA and cresenteric glomerulonephritic

Back 17

Microscopic polytangiitis

Front 18

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Nephritic or nephrotic?
LM?
EM?
IF?
Cause?

Back 18

Nephritic syndrome
LM - "wire-looping" of capillaries
EM - subendothelial and sometimes intramembranous IgG-based immune complexes often with C3 deposition
IF - granular
due to SLE or MPGN
most common cause of death in SLE

Front 19

Berger's Disease
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Nephritic or nephrotic?
LM?
EM?
IF?
Presentation?
Associations?

Back 19

Nephritic syndrome
LM - mesangial proliferation
EM - mesangial immune complex deposits
IF - IgA-based immune complex deposits in mesangium
presents/flares with upper respiratory infection of acute gastroenteritis
related to henoch-schonlein purpura

Front 20

mutation in type IV collagen - split basement membrane. X-linked

Back 20

Alport syndrome

Front 21

glomerulonephritis, deafness (and less commonly eye problems)

Back 21

Alport syndrome

Front 22

IgA nephropathy

Back 22

Berger's disease

Front 23

related to henoch schonlein purpura

Back 23

berger's disease

Front 24

wire looping of capillaries

Back 24

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 25

Diseases with IgG based immune comlexes

Back 25

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (IgG and C3)
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (IgG, IgM, and C3)

Front 26

diseases with Crescent moon shape

Back 26

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis:
goodpasture's
Wegner's
Microscopic polyangiitis

Front 27

diseases with subepithelial deposits

Back 27

acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and membranous nephropathy

Front 28

mesangial IF

Back 28

Berger's disease

Front 29

lumpy bumpy light microscopy

Back 29

acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Front 30

diseases with granular immunoflourescence

Back 30

Acute streptococcal glomerulonephritis
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
membranous nephropathy

Front 31

Diabetic glomerulonephroathy
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Nephritic or nephrotic?
description?
LM?

Back 31

nephrotic syndrome
nonenzymatic glycosylation of glomerular basement membrane - increases permeability, thickening
NEG of efferent arterioles causes increased glomerular filtration rate and mesangial expansion
LM - mesangial expansion, GBM thickening, eosinophilc nodular glomerulosclerosis

Front 32

mesangial expansion and GBM thickening

Back 32

diabetic glomerulonephropathy

Front 33

eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis

Back 33

diabetic glomerulonephropathy

Front 34

nonenzymatic glycosylation

Back 34

diabetic glomerulonephropathy

Front 35

Tram-track appearance

Back 35

membranoproliferative glomerlonephritis
more prevelant in type I

Front 36

diseases with subendothelial immune complex deposists

Back 36

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
membranoproliferative glomerlonephritis type I

Front 37

intramembranous immune complex deposits

Back 37

membranoproliferative glomerlonephritis type II
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis can sometimes have intramembrabous

Front 38

SLE

Back 38

diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
membranous nephropathy

Front 39

HBV, HCV

Back 39

membranoproliferative glomerlonephritis type I

Front 40

C3 nephritic factor

Back 40

membranoproliferative glomerlonephritis type II

Front 41

congo red stain shows apple-green birefringence under polarized light

Back 41

amyloidosis

Front 42

associted with chronic disease (multiple myeloma, TB, RA)

Back 42

amyloidosis

Front 43

foot process effacement

Back 43

minimal change disease
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Front 44

selective loss of albumin

Back 44

minimal change disease

Front 45

associated with recent infection

Back 45

minimal change disease
poststreptococcal glomerulosclerosis

Front 46

spike and dome appearance on electron microscopy

Back 46

membranous nephropathy

Front 47

most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

Back 47

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Front 48

Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
RBC Casts

Back 48

Glomerulonephritis, ischemia, or malignant HTN

Front 49

Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
WBC casts

Back 49

Tubulointerstitial inflammation, acute pyelonephritis, transplant rejection

Front 50

Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
fatty casts ("oval fat bodies")

Back 50

Nephrotic syndrome

Front 51

Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
granular ("muddy brown") casts

Back 51

acute tubular necrosis

Front 52

Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
waxy casts

Back 52

advanced renal disease/chronic renal failure

Front 53

Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
hyaline casts

Back 53

nonspecific, can be normal finding