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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is parenchyma?
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The cells that comprise the neoplasm
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What comprises the stroma?
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CT, blood vessels, fibrous tissue; usually host response to growing parenchyma
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Desmoplasia?
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Scar; connective tissue in response to neoplasm
Desmoplasia leads to the lump in breast cancer |
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What is an adenoma?
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A benign glandular neoplasm
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Define anaplastic
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Cells that range from well differentiated to undifferentiated; anaplastic cells always means malignant
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What does the suffix "oma" designate?
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A benign neoplasm (with the exception of carcinoma)
Lipoma Hemangioma |
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What is a carcinoma?
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Malignant epithelial neoplasm
Adenocarcinoma (gland cancer) Squamous carcinoma |
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What is a sarcoma?
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Malignant mesenchymal neoplasm (CT)
Liposarcoma Chondrosarcoma (cancer of CT) |
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Name the six possible effects of a tumor on the host
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BIC PAD
1.) Bleeding and secondary infection 2.) Impingement of adjacent structures 3.) Cachexia (weight loss and wasting) 4.) Paraneoplastic syndromes (cannot be readily explained by location of tumor); Cushing's from SCLC producing ACTH 5.) Acute symptoms caused by rupture or acute infection 6.) Disruption of function, like hormone synthesis (thyroid tumor can secrete TH) |
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Explain the TNM staging system
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T = tumor, describes size and invasiveness of tumor (0-4)
N = Node, describes lymph node involvement (none, local, distant, etc.) (0-3) M = Metastasis, whether or not the cancer has spread (0-2) |
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What is grading?
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Done by a pathologist; generally describes the level of differentiation of tumor cells; from 1 (well diff'd) to III (poorly diff'd)
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What is pleomorphism?
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Variation in size and shape of neighboring cells; often found in cancers
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What is the most common cause of CML?
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A translocation that leads to the Philadelphia chromosome; t(9,12)(q34;q11)
Leads to a fusion protein of BCR and ABL Protein is a tyrosine kinase that is constitutively activated, leading to proliferation and anti-apoptotic actions |
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How does Gleevec work for CML?
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Gleevec competitively binds to the active site of BCR/ABL, disallowing kinase activity and reducing proliferative activity
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What is a cytogenic response in CML?
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The elimination of Ph+ metaphases in 66-99% of cells; complete cytogenic response is the elimination of all Ph+ metaphases
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How would one identify the Ph Chromosome?
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FISH that is directed towards the fusion protein; would show both BCR and ABL on the same chromosome
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What other therapies can be used for CML?
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Hydroxyurea
INF-alpha Other newer targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (dasatinib) |
