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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a multistep process involving multiple genetic changes from inherited germ-line mutations or acquired mutations, leading to monoclonal expansion of a single cell?
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Carcinogenesis
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What is the progression of epithelial cancer?
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normal epithelium -> atypical hyperplasia -> dysplasia -> carcinoma in situ -> invasion, metastasis
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What is the loss of cell differentiation and tissue organization?
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Anaplasia
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What in the increased cell number with morphologic abnormalities?
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Atypical hyperplasia
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What is malignant tumor of epithelium?
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Carcinoma
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What is a malignant tumor of epithelium that does not penetrate basement membrane to underlying tissue?
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Carcinoma in situ
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What is excessive fibrous tissue formation in tumor stroma?
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Desmoplasia
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What is abnormal atypical cellular proliferation?
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Dysplasia
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What is replacement of one type of adult cell or tissue by another (within the same germ cell line) that is not normally present in that site?
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Metaplasia
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What is secondary, discontinuous malignant growth (spread), from one area to another?
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Metastasis
such as a lung metastasis of a colon carcinoma |
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What is a nonepithelial (mesenchymal) malignant tumore?
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Sarcoma
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What group of people are more likely to get stomach cancer?
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Japanese
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What group of people are more likely to get hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Asians
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What occupational/environmental exposure leads to hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Aflatoxin
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What occupational/environmental exposure leads to leukemia, lymphoma and other cancers?
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Alkylating agents
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What does aromatic amines and azo dyes lead to?
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hepatocellular carcinoma
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What does arsenic lead to?
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Squamous cell carcinomas of skin and lungs
angiosarcoma of the liver |
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What does asbestos lead to?
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Bronchogenic carcinoma
Mesothelioma |
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What does benzene lead to?
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Leukemia
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What does chromium and nickel lead to?
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Bronchogenic carcinoma
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What does ionizing radiation lead to?
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Thyroid cancer
Leukemia |
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What does naphthylamine lead to?
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Bladder cancer
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What does Nitrosamines lead to?
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gastric cancer
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What do polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons lead to?
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Bronchogenic carcinoma
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What does ultraviolet exposure lead to?
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Skin cancers
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What does exposure to vinyl chloride lead to?
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Angiosarcoma of the liver
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What type of cancer does increased age NOT addect risk of?
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Wilms
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What are 3 types of cancer that are highly related to hereditary factors?
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Familial Retinoblastoma
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Familial Polyposis Coli |
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What are some acquired risk factors for development of cancer?
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Cervical dysplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia Cirrhosis Ulcerative Colitis Chronic atrophic gastritis |
