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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the most common gene associated with tumor suppressor genes
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retinoblastoma gene
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2 hit hypothesis
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RB gene requires two mutations in genome to produce a retinoblastoma
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single most common target of genetic alteration in human tumors
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TP53, a tumor suppressor gene
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Li-Fraumeni syndrome
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inherited lack of one TP53 allele..... 25X greater risk for malignancy by at 50
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TP53's normal role
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to inhibit cell cycle progression and allow for DNA repair..... if DNA repair is not successful, to induce apoptosis
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Prototypic anti- apoptosis gene
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BCL2... over exposed bcl2 can lead to mild lymphoma
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tumors can grow without blood supply
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FALSE.... maximum of 1-2 mm without blood supply
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what are the two major phases of metastasis
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invasion of extracellular matrix and vascular dissemination
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how do tumor cells invade ECM
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tumor cells separate from each other.... and attach to ECM componants ... collagens.... glycoproteins...proteoglycans.....
degrade matrix componants and migrate |
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organ tropism
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certain cancers are more likely to spread to certain sites
ex/ lung cancer is most likely to spread to adrenal glands.... but not very often to the skeletal muscles |
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xeroderma pigmentosum
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skin cancers due to inability to repair UV damage
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bloom syndrom, aaxia telangiectasia, fanconi anemia
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fragile DNA disorders...... hypersensitivity to DNA damage
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karyotypic changes in tumors
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changes large enough to be seen on a karyotype
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Promoter
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drives the replication of a mutated cell
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procarcinogens
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chemical products that require some metabolic activity before they can be "ultimate carcinogens"
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RNA oncogenic viruses
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Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus type I
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DNA oncogenic viruses
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HPV... Epstein Barr.... Hep B ..... HHV8 .... Kaposi's sarcoma
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Prostate specific antigen
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tumor associated antigen .... found in normal cells but overexpressed in neoplastic prostate
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Immunosurveillance
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cancer is much more common in hosts that are immunocomprimised
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selective out growth
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subclones that "survive" and reproduce are those that don't show antigens
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Reduced expression of HLA complex
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t cells are unable to bind to tumor cells
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lack of t cell costimulation
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self explanitory - t- cells need help that they don't get from immunocomprimised
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immunosuppresion
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some carcinogens are actually capable of suppressing the immune system by themselves
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growth factor cancer
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RAS
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nuclear cancer
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MYC
burketts lymphoma |
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Tumor Suppressor cancer
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RB
TP53 - Le Fraumeni |
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Anti apoptotic cancer
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BCL2
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deletions cause
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rb, colon and oral cancers
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gene amplifications cause.....
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neuroblastoma and breast cancer
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epstein barr is indicated in 4 diseases
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burkitts lymphoma
b cell lymphoma hodgkens disease nasopharengeal carcinoma |
