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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aflatoxins |
Hepatocellular carcinoma From Aspergillus: Contaminated stored rice/grains |
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Alkylating Agents |
Leukemia or Lymphoma Side effect of Chemotherapy |
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Alcohol |
Squamous cell carcinoma: Oropharynx and Upper Esophagus Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
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Arsenic |
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin Lung Cancer Angiosarcoma of Liver Cigarette Smoke |
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Asbestos |
Lung Carcinoma (most common) Mesothelioma |
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Cigarette Smoke |
Carcinoma of: Oropharynx, Esophagus, Lung, Kidney, Bladder, Pancreas Most commone carcinogen worldwide: Polycyclic Hydrocarbons are particularly carcinogenic |
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Nitrosamines |
Stomach Carcinoma Found in smoked foods, high rate of stomach carcinoma in Japan. |
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Naphthylamine |
Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder Derived from cigarette smoke |
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Vinyl Chloride |
Angiosarcoma of liver Occupational exposure, manufacturing of PVC pipes |
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Nickel, Chromium, Beryllium, Silica |
Lung Carcinoma Occupational exposure |
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Ebstein-Barr Virus |
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - Burkitt Lymphoma - CNS lymphoma in AIDS |
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HHV-8 |
Kaposi Sarcoma |
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HBV and HCV |
Hepatocellular carcinoma |
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HTLV-1 |
Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma |
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High-risk HPV Subtypes: 16,18,31, 33 |
Squamous cell carcinoma: Vulva, vagina, anus, cervix Adenocarcinoma of cervix |
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Ionizing Radiation (Nuclear Reactors/Radiotherapy) |
- AML - CML - Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid Generates OH free radicals |
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Nonionizing
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- Basal cell carcinoma - Squamous cell carcinoma - Melanoma of the skin |
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Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFB) |
Astrocytoma Overexpression, autocrine loop |
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ERBB2 HER2/neu |
Subset of breast carcinoma Epidermal GF receptor, Amplification |
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RET |
- MEN 2A, MEN 2B - Sporadic medullary carcinoma of thyroid Neural GF-R, Point Mutation |
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KIT |
GI stromal tumor Stem Cell GF-R, Point mutation |
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RAS (gene family) |
- Carcinomas - Melanoma - Lymphoma GTP-Binding protein, Point mutation |
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ABL |
- CML - Some types of ALL Tyrosine Kinase: t(9;22) with BCR |
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c-MYC |
Burkitt Lymphoma TF: t(8;14) involving IgH |
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N-MYC |
Neuroblatoma TF: Amplification |
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L-MYC |
Small cell Lung carcinoma
TF: Amplification |
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CCND1 (Cyclin D1) |
Mantle cell lymphoma Cyclin: t(11;14) involving IgH |
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CDK4 |
Melanoma Cyclin-Dependent Kinase: Amplification |
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Keratin Stain |
Epithelium |
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Vimentin Stain |
Mesenchyme |
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Desmin Stain |
Muscle |
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GFAP Stain |
Neuroglia |
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Neurofilament Stain |
Neurons |
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PSA Stain |
Prostatic Epitheliium |
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ER stain |
Breast Epithelium |
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Thyroglobulin Stain |
Thyroid follicular cells |
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Chromogranin Stain |
Neuro-endocrine cells (Small cell carcinoma of lunch and carcinoid tumors)
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S-100 stain |
- Melanoma - Schwannoma - Langerhans Cell histoiocytosis |
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APC |
Colorectal CA -Loss APC = WNT signaling = cell cycle progression |
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BRCA1&2 |
DNA recombination Repair -Papillary Cystadenocarcinoma of ovary -Breast tumor |
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RET |
Familial Occurance of: - Medullary THryoid CA - Pheochromocytoma - Hyperparathyroidis due to hyperplasia or tumor - Proto-oncogene |
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Xeroderma Pigmentosum |
Mutated NER: Defect in DNA Repair - Multiple skin CA |
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Familial Breast CA |
BRCA1 |
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Familial Melanoma |
P16INK4a - Hypermethylation |
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PDGF Beta Chain |
Astrocytoma and Osteosarcoma |
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HGF |
Thyroid Cancer Hepatocellular CA |
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ERBB2 (HER/NEU) |
Cell Surface binding - Amplification leading to breast CA |
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RET |
Point Mutation for MEN2A and 2B Familial Medullary Thyroid CA |
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KIT |
Point mutation: Stem cell factor GIT stromal tumor (GIST) |
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RAS |
Point mutation = Pancreas and colon CA -KRAS: Lung CA |
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ABL |
Translocation t(9:22) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - BCR-ABL hybrid gene - Non-Receptor tyrosine kinase |
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BRAF |
RAS signal tranduction point mutation = melanoma |
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C-Myc |
Translocation t(8:14) Burkitt's Lymphoma |
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N-myc |
Amplification = Neuroblatoma and small cell lung CA Childhood Tumor - Aggressive |
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Cyclin D |
Translocation t(11:14) = Mantle Cell lymphoma |
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Acute Promyelocytic leukemia (APML/AML-M3) |
Translocation t(15:17) PML and RAR (RARA) genes |
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Follicular Lymphoma |
t(14;18) BCL-2 Gene over expression = Anti-Apoptosis (nothing dies) |
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PTEN |
CA of Endometrium (adenoCA) |
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WT1 |
Wilm's Tumor Aggressive Childhood Tumor |
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Tumor marker: PSA |
Prostate CA |
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Tumor Marker: Beta-HCG |
Trophoblastic Tumors: Hydatidiform mole, Chorio-CA |
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Tumor Marker: CEA |
Colon CA, Panc, stomach, breast CA |
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Tumor Marker: CA-125 |
Ovarian CA |
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Tumor Marker: AFP |
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Yolk Sac Tumor |
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Tumor Marker: NSE |
Small cell carcinoma of lung |
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Tumor Marker: Calcitonin |
Medullary CA of thyroid |
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Tumor Marker: CA 19-9 |
Colon CA, Pancreatic CA |
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Tumor Marker: CA15-3 |
Breast CA |
