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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What inflammatory mediator activates macrophages?
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Gamma interferon
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What are dendritic cells in skin called?
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Langerhans cells
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What markers are unique to B lymphocytes?
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CD19 and CD20
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Describe the life cycle of B lymphocytes
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1) Mature in Bone marrow
2) migrate to lymphoid tissue (white pulp of spleen) 3) Ag encounter--->plasma cell-->antibodies 4) May become memory cell |
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Describe plasma cell appearance
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1) Clock face chromatin
lots of RER and Goligi |
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Describe the action of antithrombin III
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heparin-->antithrombin--<thrombin, IXa, Xa, XIa
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Describe 3 steps of clot formation
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1) plate adhere to BM (needs VWF)
2) aggregation regulated a. TXa2 released by platelets b. PGI2 and NO released by endo cells decr. aggregation 3) Swelling-ADP and Ca release to strengthen the plug-->fibrin deposition |
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RBC forms
Biconcave |
normal
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spherocytes
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hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolysis
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elliptocyte
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hereditary elliptocytosis
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RBC forms
macro-ovalocyte |
megaloblastic anemia (also has hypersegmented PMN) marrow failure
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Helmet cell/shistocyte
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DIC, traumatic hemolyusis
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Sickle
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Sicel cell anemia
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Bite Cell
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G6PD
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Treardrop
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Myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis
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Acanthocyte
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painy appearnce in abelipoproteinemia
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Target cells
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HALT
HbC disease, asplenism, liver disease, thallassemia |
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Poikilcytes
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non uniform shape in TTP/HUS microvascular damage, DIC
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Burr Cell
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TTP/HUS
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Basophilic stippling
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TAIL
Thallassemias, anemia of chronic disease, iron def, lead poisoning |
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Microcytic anemias
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iron def (decr. serum iron and incr. TIBC decr. Ferritin)
Thallassemia (target/basophilic) Lead (sideroblastic) |
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Macrocytic
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B12/Folate def
DNA synth blocking drugs 1.sulfa 2. AZT 3. phenytoin |
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Normocytic
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Acute hemorrhage
Bone marrow d/o (aplastic anemia/leukemia) Autoimmune Anemia of chronic disease RBC membrane (spherocytosis) Hemoglobinopathy enzyme defects a. G6PD, PK |
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Lab values of Anemia of chronic diseae vs. Iron deficiency
TIBC, serum iron, ferritin |
Anemia chronic disease:
decr. TIBC incr. Ferritin incr. storage iron macs Iron def incr. TIBC decr. ferritin decr. serum iron |
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Causes of aplastic anemia
GVAD |
Viral
1. Parvo, HIV, EBV Genetic 1. Fanconi's Autoimmune 1. idio/imm. med. post Hep Drug 1. radiation 2. benzene 3. alkylating 4. chloramphenicol 5. antimetabolite |
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complications of sickle cell
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Kidney, spleen, bone (2), blood vessels
1) aplastic crisis from parvo 2) incr. risk encaps. bacterial infect salmonella osteo 3) renal papillary necrosis 4) autosplenectomy w/thrombosis 5) splenic sequestration 6) occlusive crisis |
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Therapy for sickle cell
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1) Hydroxyurea (incr. HbF)
2) bone marrow transplant |
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Where do you find incr. incidence of
1) Alpha Thallassemia 2) Beta Thallassemia |
1) Alpha: asia and Africa
2) Beta: mediterranean |
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B thal major vs. minor
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B minor: B chain underproduced
B major: B chain is absent fetal Hb incr. in both HbS/B thal has mild to moderate disease |
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Treatment B thal major
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1) blood transfusions-->hemochromatosis and marrow expansion-->skeletal abnl
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Causes of DIC
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Sepsis
Trauma Obstretics pancreatitis Malignancy Nephrotic syndrome Transfusion |
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Warm autoimmune anemia vs. cold autoimmune anemia
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Warm: SLE, CLL, alpha methyldopa
IgG mediated: Cold: mycoplasma pneumonia, mono IgM mediated |
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Defect in spherocytosis
What is spectrin? What is ankyrin? |
spectrin/ankyrin
Howell jolly bodies after splenectomy Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein that supports the RBC membrane Ankyrin is a protein that helps channels and other proteins insert into the RBC membrane |
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PNH
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is an aquired membrane defect in which GPI no longer works so necessary proteins can't make it into the RBC membrane. Complement components bind to RBC membrane unchecked and hemolysisi ensues.
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Microangiopathic anemia
What diseases is it associated with? |
1) DIC
2) TTP/HUS 3) SLE 4) malignant hypertension |
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Defect of platelet adhesion decr. GPIb
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Bernard Soulier Disease
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defect of platelet aggregation (decr. GPIIb-IIIa)
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Glanzman's thrombasthemia
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At what platelet level are you thrombocytopenic?
at what platelet level does spont. bleeding occur? |
thrombocytopenia < 100,000
Platelet count needs to be 15-20,000 b/f spont. bleed occurrs |
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Tumor giant cell seen in Hodgkin's disease. Bilobed w/2 halves as mirror images (owl's eyes)
Necessary but not sufficient for dx Hodgkin's dz. |
Reed Sternberg Cells
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Reed Sternberg cell variant
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Variant: lacunar cell in nodular sclerosis variant
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Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Reed Sternberg cells (CD30+ and CD15+ B cell origin) |
Hodgkin's
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Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins
HIV and immunosuppression |
Non-Hodgkin's
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Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins
muliple peripheral nodes; extranodal involvement common NON-CONTIGUOUS SPREAD |
NON-hodgkin's
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Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins
No hypergammaglobulinemia |
Non-Hodgkin's
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Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins
Localized single group of nodes. Extranodal is rare; contiguous spread |
Hodgkins
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Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins
Constitutional signs and symptoms; fever, night sweats, weight loss |
Hodgkin's
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Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy |
hogkin's
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Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins
EBV association. Bimodal distribution; young/old men except nodular sclerosing |
Hodgkin's
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Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins
Fewer constitutional signs Peak around 20-40 years old |
Non-Hodgkin's
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Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins
Good prognosis assoicated with incr. lymphocytes and decr. Reed Sternberg Cells |
Hogkin's
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