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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What term describes abnormal tissue in a normal location?
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Hamartoma
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What describes normal tissue in an abnormal location?
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Choristoma
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Prefix meaning glandular
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Adeno-
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Prefix meaning fibrous connective tissue
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Fibro-
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Prefix meaning smooth muscle
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Leiomyo-
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Prefix meaning skeletal muscle
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Rhabdomyo-
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Prefix meaning adipose
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Lipo-
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Prefix meaning cartilage
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Chonrdo-
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Prefix meaning bone
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Osteo-
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Prefix meaning blood
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Hemangio-
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Prefix meaning lymphatic
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Lymphangio-
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Means "hard"
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scirrhous
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means "soft"
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medullary
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means "mucous"
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colloid
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means "nipple/teat like"
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papillary
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means "finger like"
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villous
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means "nodular"
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follicular
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means "fluid"
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cystic
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means "containing holes"
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cribriform
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Sarcoma and carcinoma mean
A. Benign B. Malignant |
malignant
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well differentiated
A. Benign B. Malignant |
benign
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tissue similar to tissue of origin
A. Benign B. Malignant |
benign
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lack of differentiation
A. Benign B. Malignant |
malignant
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demonstrates anaplasia
A. Benign B. Malignant |
malignant
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slow progression
A. Benign B. Malignant |
benign
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mitotic figures are numerous and abnormal
A. Benign B. Malignant |
malignant
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no metastasis
A. Benign B. Malignant |
benign
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frequently metastasizes
A. Benign B. Malignant |
malignant
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non-invasive
A. Benign B. Malignant |
benign
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invasive
A. Benign B. Malignant |
malignant
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A mass which cannot be made out and looks dissimilar to the structure of origin is considered (well/poorly) demarcated
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poorly
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What is the name of the gene that is frequently cited as assisting in suppressing tumors
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p53
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True or False, if a cell is cancerous, it is beneficial for the patient if that cell undergoes apoptosis
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True (we WANT it to die)
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Which of these is NON-reversible?
Carcinoma in-situ Dysplasia |
carcinoma in-situ (said this in lecture)
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Growth fraction refers to the proportion of cells in the ___ pool
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proliferating
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Cancer drugs act on (stationary/dividing) cells
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dividing
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What cancer is the largest cause of death in women AND men?
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lung
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What cancer has the greatest incidence in women?
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breast (lung is greatest cause of DEATH)
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What cancer has greatest incidence in men?
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prostate (lung greatest cause of DEATH)
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Which cancer ranks 3rd in incidence rate for men AND women?
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colon/rectum cancers
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As a tumor grows, the time between each division (increases/decreases)
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increases... meaning it SLOWS as it GROWS (dot in the slot?)
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Diseases that are autosomally dominant can be expressed in the (homo/hetero)zygous
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Both!
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Diseases that are autosomally recessive can be expressed in the (homo/hetero)zygous
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homo only
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Auto dominant cancers are usually defect in what gene?
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tumor supressor
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Auto recessive cancers are usually defect in what gene?
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DNA repair
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True or False, all genetic diseases are distinctly inherited or not
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False, some show familial clustering but it's not always clear how or where this occurs
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True or False, most retinoblastomas are due to genetic changes that occur via some extrinsic factor
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False, most inherited directly
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What two big factors can lead to cancerous colonies with different subcolonies and genotypes
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clonal expansion
heterogeneity |
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Which of these are structural oncogenes?
ras c-abl c-myc |
ras
c-abl |
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Which of these are regulatory oncogenes?
ras c-abl c-myc |
c-myc
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Which of these cause translocations?
ras c-abl c-myc |
c-abl
c-myc |
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A mutation in which of these causes Burkitts?
ras c-abl c-myc |
c-myc
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A mutation in which of these causes CML?
ras c-abl c-myc |
c-abl
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Put these 4 steps of chemical carcinogenesis in order
conversion progression initiation promotion |
initiation
promotion conversion progression |
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Which of these are DNA viruses?
HTL-1 Epstein Barr Herpes A Hep B Hep C HPV |
HPV
Hep B Herpes A Epstein Barr |
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Which of these are RNA viruses?
HTL-1 Epstein Barr Herpes A Hep B Hep C HPV |
HTL-1
Hep C |
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Which term describes the level of differentiation of a tumor?
grading staging |
grading
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which describes the degree of spread, or level of metastasis of a tumor?
grading staging |
staging
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True or False, the lower a grade or stage number, the better the prognosis
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True
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True or False, the main way radiation causes cancer is by altering the rough ER in the cells to over-produce proteins
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False! Radiation causes changes in DNA
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Radiation does cellular damage indirectly mainly by what?
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producing oxygen radicals
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Which oncogene is found most often in cancerous cells and leads to point mutations?
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ras
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(somatic/inherited) mutations are most likely to be in multiple locations
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inherited
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Carcinoma in-situ are invasive, T or F
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F, they are NOT
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____ is the earliest detectable form of a pre-cancerous lesion
carcinoma carcinoma in-situ dysplasia |
dysplasia
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What does the word "metastasize" mean?
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That it is spreading to other parts of the body via the vessels, etc.
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What is the term for excess production of connective tissue?
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desmoplasia
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anaplasia is used to describe tumors that are (well/un-)differentiated
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undifferentiated
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