Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Pierre Robin Sequence |
Very small jaw, tongue obstructs the airway, cleft palate common, intubation near impossible |
|
|
What is the most common cause of bradycardia in peds? |
Hypoxia |
|
|
What is the most common cause of sepsis in peds? |
Strep group B, can occur immediately after birth or a few days after |
|
|
What do you use for a tension pneumo in a neonate? |
18 ga angiocath, or 23-25 ga butterfly |
|
|
What is the ratio of compressions to breaths in neonatal resuscitation? |
3 compressions to 1 breath |
|
|
What is the dose of epi in neonatal resuscitation? |
0.01mg/kg Epi 1:10,000 IV push |
|
|
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) |
A communication between the chest and abdominal cavities, intestines migrate into the chest through a hole in the diagram, usually into the Left chest. Can suppress lung development. Easy surgical fix- but can they breathe well enough with one lung to go to surgery? May end up on Ecmo. Limit BVM, early intubation and OG/NG tube |
|
|
What is considered Premie? |
23-36 weeks gestation |
|
|
What are some common problems associated with pre-term birth? |
Fluid loss, unable to control their temperature, should be handled carefully, don't ventilate too much |
|
|
What are the lpm for each of the following: Nasal cannula, mask, bvm |
Nasal cannula- 0.5-1 lpm Mask: 6-10 lpm BVM: 10 lpm |
|
|
How should we take a pressure prehospital? |
Use the MAP- if their MAP if less than their gestational age, they are hypotensive |
|
|
Where can you measure a pre-ductal sat? |
right arm |
|
|
Why are neonates at risk for hypoglycemia? |
They have inadequate stores of gylcogen (preterm or chronically stressed babies), hyperinsulinemia (usually due to maternal diabetes), or babies with increased glucose utilization (stress) |
|
|
How much do neonates lose their first week of life? |
7-10% of their body weight |
|
|
Signs of hypoglycemia in a neonate |
Irritability, apnea, seizures, any signs of distress |
|
|
If a neonate has a low glucose, what should you give? |
Dextrose 10% 2mL/kg |
|
|
What is the acceptable temperature range? |
36.5-37.5C |
|
|
In utero, are systemic pressures higher or lower than pulmonary pressure? |
Systemic pressures are lower |
|
|
Omphalocele |
A congenital herniation of the abdominal viscera through the base of the umbilical cord and a peritoneum covering (an abdominal wall development defect), common with the trisomies (12, 18, 21)
Treat how you would treat an evisceration |
|
|
Gastroschisis |
Defect of the abdominal wall that occurs to the right of the umbilicus and lacks a peritoneal covering. Not typically associated with other abnormalities, not congenital.
Treat how you would treat an evisceration |
|
|
Scaphoid abdomen |
Abdomen looks flat and empty-----> usually indicative of congenital diaphragmatic hernia |
|
|
Tracheoesophageal fistula |
The esophagus and trachea don't separate properly, and the esophagus begins lower down on the trachea |
|
|
Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
Due to prematurity. The deficiency, absence, or inactive lung surfactant (produced at 34ish weeks gestation), can also be due to hyperinsulinomenia. Get intubated and artificial sufactant. Leads to bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
|
|
Anencephaly |
Almost no normal brain tissue above the brainstem. 3/4 still born or miscarried, those that are born live a few minutes at most |
|
|
What percentage of pregnancies are miscarried? |
20-30% |
|
|
Encephalocele |
Incomplete closure at the rostral head of the neural tube. Survivability depends on how much brain matter is in the incomplete closure part |
|
|
Spina Bifida |
Incomplete closure of the spinal column |
|
|
Myelomeningocele |
Herniation of the meninges as well as the spinal cord through the opening. Baby will likely be paralyzed from that point down. Keep baby prone |
|
|
Cerebral perfusion pressure |
MAP-ICP |
|
|
Hydrocephalus |
Due to an overproduction of CSF or an underabsorption of CSF. Will need a shunt from the ventricles to the peritoneum. |
|
|
What are some defects of the maxilla? |
Choanal atresia, cleft palate, cleft lip |
|
|
Ichthyosis |
a genetic abnormality with thickened, scaley skin. This is a thickening of the keratin layer of the skin. |
|
|
What does "newly born" refer to? |
A baby in it's first minutes to hours of life |
|
|
Neonate/newborn |
A baby from the time of birth to the first 28 days |
|
|
What are some physiologic differences when a baby is in utero? |
Has a greater hemoglobin concentration, allowing it to carry 20-30% more oxygen. All waste products diffuse across the placenta. |
|
|
The placenta has two arteries and one vein. What do they carry? |
The arteries carry deoxygenated blood and the vein carries oxygenated blood |
|
|
Are the fetus' lungs functional? |
No, and therefore do not require oxygenation. |
|
|
What is the ductus arteriosus? |
A vascular connection that shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch |
|
|
What is the foramen ovale? |
A hole in between the atria that allows blood flow from the right atria to the left atria. The pressure difference and a valve prevent backflow. |
|
|
At what gestational age is surfactant produced? |
28-32 weeks |
|
|
What is considered a low birth weight infant? Very low birth weight? |
An infant that weighs less than 5.5lbs at birth. VLBW weighs 3.3 lbs at birth. |
|
|
What is the leading cause of LBW? |
preterm birth |
|
|
What are some causes of preterm birth? |
severe preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, uterine abnormalities, placental bleeding, multiple gestation, drug misuse, maternal chronic illnesses, fetal distress, maternal infection, trauma, unknown cause |
|
|
Newborn asphyxia |
The inability of a newborn to begin and continue to breathe at birth. |
|
|
Esophageal atresia |
A failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous passage. The section that connects with the mouth and the section that connects with the stomach both end in dead ends. |
|
|
Tracheoesophageal fistula |
An abnormal opening between the trachea and esophagus |
|
|
Diaphragmatic hernia |
A protrusion of the abdominal contents into the chest cavity through an opening in the diaphragm. The lungs will be small and the number of alveoli will be decreased. |
|
|
Choanal atresia |
One or both nares is narrowed/blocked by membranous/bony tissue. This can cause respiratory distress because babies are nose breathers. |
|
|
Are babies mouth or nose breathers (until 6 months of age)? |
Nose |
|
|
Meningomyelocele |
The severest form of spina bifida. The meninges, CSF, and a portion of the spinal cord protrudes through an opening in the spine. This causes neurologic deficits, including nerve damage and loss of muscle function and sensation. |
|
|
Meningocele |
The spinal cord develops normally but a cyst containing the meninges and CSF protrudes from an opening in the spine. |
|
|
Spina Bifida Occulta |
The mildest form of SB. One or more vertebrae fails to close properly |
|
|
Omphhalocele |
A protrusion of abdominal organs into the umbilical cord that is usually covered by a sac. |
|
|
What does vomiting in the first 24 hours of life indicate? |
increased ICP, obstruction of the upper GI tract, or pyloric stenosis. |
|
|
Neonatal abstinence syndrome |
A disorder that occurs in newborns who are born to narcotic addicted mothers, and when the baby is born, the narcotic supply is cut off. The baby goes through withdrawal, and symptoms begin 48-72 hours after birth. |
|
|
Unless the lungs are immature, absorption of fetal lung liquid is usually complete within how many hours of life? |
24 hours |
|
|
Intubation is required before ventilating a neonate with a diaphragmatic hernia because these infants are at high risk for which of the following? |
Pneumothorax |
|
|
The inability of a newborn to begin and continue breathing at birth is called: |
Newborn Asphyxia |
|
|
What is the average duration for primary apnea? |
30-60s |
|
|
A newly born infant stops breathing and when stimulated does not return to spontaneous respirations. What does this assessment describe? |
Secondary Apnea |
