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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frontal View (X-ray)
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shows position of structure in relation to right and left as well as to center
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Which X-ray view magnifies anterior structures such as the heart?
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Anteroposterior technique
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When using the lateral decubitus x-ray position, what is being diagnosed if you position the patient w/affected side down?
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Pleural Effusion
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When using the lateral decubitus x-ray position, what is being diagnosed if you position the patient w/affected side up?
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Pneumothorax
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What X-ray technique is used to determine the presence of foreign body aspiration?
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Forced Expiratory technique
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Describe the following densities found on X-rays:
Air Fluid Bone |
Air - produces darkest pattern
Fluid - produces gray pattern Bone - produces lightest pattern |
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What is the landmark for the position of the carina in a neonate?
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Neonate - the carina is about at the level of the 3rd vertebrae
(which is higher than in adults) |
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What is the landmark for the position of the carina around age 10?
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age 10 - the carina is about at the level of the 5th vertebrae
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What structure is often mistaken for the heart, or for an upper lobe atelectasis or pneumonia in babies and young children?
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Thymus gland - extends from lower edge of thyroid gland in neck to about the 4th rib
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Systemic approach to reading a CXR
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1. confirm correct pt. and date
2. correct orientation (pt. left side should be on your right) 3. quality of film 4. confirm proper pt. placement 5. shot on I or E 6. examine diaphragm 7 examine abdomen 8. inspect cardiac silhouette 9. examine area of lung hilum 10. inspect resp. tract: trachea, position of ETtube, mainstem bronchus, lung fields, pleural surface |
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A distinctive "thumbprint sign" seen on a lateral neck x-ray is indicative of..........
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Epiglottitis
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How is croup diagnosed radiographically?
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AP view of the neck; subglottic region swelling is seen as a "steeple"
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A chest x-ray that is described as ground glass is indicative of what condition?
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RDS
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what is an air bronchogram?
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appearance of distinct differentiating of skeletal structures with whiter than normal contrast
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What is "white out" as seen with RDS reflect?
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almost total lack of aeration, w/massive atelectasis and collapsed lung segments
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Loss of volume associated with atelectasis can be caused by:
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surfactant deficiency
bronchial obstruction scar formation |
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What are some signs of atelectasis?
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elevated diaphragm on affected side
mediastinal shift toward collapsed area |
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What is transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) thought to be caused by?
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TTN is thought to be caused by retention of fetal lung fluid
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What are the most common causes of pneumonia in children?
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viruses
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What is the usual of cause of consolidated or lobar pneumonias? Where does the consolidation occur?
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Bacterial infections
Peripheral air spaces fill w/exudate |
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How does Severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) appear on an x-ray?
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bilateral infiltrates and air trapping is present with severe MAS
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What does airtrapping predispose the lungs to
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pulmonary interstitial emphysema
pneumomediastinum pneumothorax |
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What does blunting of the costophrenic angle imply
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pleural effusion
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What is significant in the chest x-ray of a patient with a pneumothorax
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pneumothorax is identified when the lung is displaced away from chest wall by a dark band of air
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What is significant about a tension pneumothorax in the cxr?
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the diaphragm will be depressed on the affected side if a tension pneumothorax is present
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What is described as "bat wing"
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the outling of the thymus as seen with pneumomediastinum
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what is the pneumopericardium
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it is an accumulation of air within the pericardial sac
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how is a pneumopericardium and a pneumomediastinum differentiated?
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pneumopericardium - air completely surrounds the heart
pneumomediastinum - air surrounds only lateral sides of heart |
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What is PIE caused from?
(Pulmonary Interstitial Edema) |
PIE is caused by air leaking from a lung rupture & migrating throughout the lung parenchyma
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What is the radiologic findings unique to PIE
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small dark streaks and cysts surrounded by the white of the lung tissue (blk paint flicked onto a white background) or spongelike appearance
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What is the resulting clinical disorder when RDS causes permanent damage to the lungs
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Bronchopulmonary Dysphasia (BPD)
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What disease has a honeycombing appearance on the cxr
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cystic fibrosis
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